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Dale Collins NB: "±" indicates that the hyperlink will take you to another site. |
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Reading and class notes |
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Primary Materials |
Supplemental Materials |
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Reading and Class Notes |
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Reading and class notes |
Class 2 Reading Guidance (2022) Unit 3 reading (2022) Criminal Price-Fixing Prosecutions: Sentencing Guidelines (slides for Class 4) |
± Antitrust Division Criminal Enforcement web page ± United States Sentencing Guidelines Manual (2021) Charles Doyle, Cong. Res. Serv., Corporate Criminal Liability: An Overview of Federal Law (Oct. 30, 2013) ± Brandon L. Garrett, The Metamorphosis of Corporate Criminal Prosecutions, 101 Va. L. Rev. Online 60 (2015) |
Statutes and Institutions |
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Statutes |
Selected antitrust and related statutes: Substantive offenses Sherman Act Sherman Act § 1, 15 U.S.C. § 1 Sherman Act § 2, 15 U.S.C. § 2 Criminal Code Principals (aid and abet liability), 18 U.S.C. § 2. Conspiracy to commit offense or to defraud United States, 18 U.S.C. § 371 Making false statements, 18 U.S.C. § 1001 Frauds and swindles (mail fraud), 18 U.S.C. § 1341 Fraud by wire, radio, or television (wire fraud), 18 U.S.C. § 1343 Obstruction of justice, 18 U.S.C. § 1503 Obstruction of proceedings, 18 U.S.C. § 1505 Tampering with a witness, victim, or an informant, 18 U.S.C. § 1512 Destruction of documents, 18 U.S.C. § 1519 Perjury, 18 U.S.C. § 1621 Subornation of perjury, 18 U.S.C. § 1622 |
U.S. Dep't of Justice, Antitrust Div., An Antitrust Primer for Federal Law Enforcement Personnel (rev. 04/2005) U.S. Code (including notes) Sherman Act § 1, 15 U.S.C. § 1
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--Application of obstruction statutes |
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--United States v. Martha Stewart |
Superceding Indictment, United States v. Martha Stewart, No. 03 CR 717 (S.D.N.Y. filed Jan. 4, 2004) (original indictment filed June 4, 2003) Docket sheet (downloaded Nov. 23, 2016) United States v. Martha Stewart, 323 F. Supp. 2d 606 (S.D.N.Y. 2004) (denying motions for a new trial) (also containing an appendix with the jury verdict form). U.S. Dep't of Justice, Federal Bureau of Prisons, News Release (Mar. 4, 2005) (regarding Stewart's release from prison) United States v. Martha Stewart, 433 F.3d 273 (2d Cir. 2006) (affirming convictions) Superceding Indictment, United States v. Larry F. Stewart, No. 03 Cr. 717 (S.D.N.Y. filed Jan. 5, 2004) (original indictment filed June 9, 2003) |
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--United States v. Groen |
Information, United States v. Groen, No. 1:16-cr-00683-KBF (S.D.N.Y. filed Oct. 14, 2016) Docket sheet (downloaded Feb. 2, 2021) Defendant's Sentencing submission (Jan. 20, 2017) The United States’ Sentencing Submission (Jan. 27, 2017) Sentencing Hearing Transcript (Mar. 28, 2017) Judgment in a Criminal Case (Mar. 27, 2017) |
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--United States v. Higashida |
Indictment, United States v. Higashida, No.2:16-cr-20641-GAD-APP (E.D. Mich. filed Sept. 9, 2016) Docket sheet (downloaded Jan. 17, 2018) Arrest Warrant (executed Sept. 23, 2016; filed Oct. 6, 2016) Order Setting Conditions of Release (Sept. 23, 2016) Appearance Bond (Sept. 23, 2016) Amended Appearance Bond (Oct. 4, 2016) Stipulation and Proposed Order Continuing Trial Date and Excluding Time under the Speedy Trial Act (Nov. 1, 2016) Joint Motion to Consolidate the Plea and Sentencing Hearings and Waive a Presentence Investigation and Report (Dec. 20, 2016) (also noting that the defendants intends to plead guilty) Joint Sentencing Memorandum (Jan. 23, 2017) Rule 11 Plea Agreement (Feb. 2, 2017) (as to Futoshi Higashida) Plea Hearing/Sentencing transcript (Feb. 2, 2017) (corrected transcript) U.S. Dep't of Justice, Antitrust Div., News Release, Auto Parts Industry Executive Pleads Guilty to Obstruction of Justice (Feb. 2, 2017) Judgment in a Criminal Case (Feb. 28, 2017) (as to Futoshi Higashida) Amended Judgment in a Criminal Case (May 2, 2017) |
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The U.S. Judicial System |
Federal Judicial Center, The Federal Courts and What They Do Administrative Office of the United States Courts, The Federal Court System in the United States Administrative Office of the United States Courts, A Journalist's Guide to the Federal Courts (2011) Federal Public Defender, W.D. Mich., The Federal Criminal Process ± Federal Defenders of New York, What Happens in a Federal Criminal Case Office of the U.S. Attorneys, Steps in the Federal Criminal Process ± A Federal Criminal Case Timeline ± U.S. Dep't of Justice, Antitrust Div., Grand Jury Manual ± Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts, Model Grand Jury Charge Administrative Office of the United States Courts, Geographic Boundaries of the United States Courts of Appeal and United States District Courts |
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Significant Precedents |
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Requirement of criminal intent |
United States v. Hudson & Goodwin, 11 U.S. 32 (1812) United States v. United States Gypsum Co., 438 U.S. 422 (1978) (± Oyez) |
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Individual membership in conspiracy |
United States v. Wise, 370 U.S. 405 (1962) (± Oyez) |
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Sentencing Guidelines |
Southern Union Co. v. United States, 132 S. Ct. 2344 (2012) (± Oyez) United States v. Booker, 543 U.S. 220 (2005) (± Oyez) Apprendi v. New Jersey, 530 U.S. 466 (2000) (± Oyez) |
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Criminal statute of limitations |
United States v. Kissel, 218 U.S. 601 (1910) (conspiracies are "continuing offenses") |
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The Indianapolis Ready-Mix Concrete Criminal Investigation |
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Review |
United States v. Beaver, No. 07-1381 (7th Cir. Feb. 4, 2008) (affirming conviction) (reported at 515 F.3d 730) Frank J. Vondrak, Ass't Chief, U.S. Dep't of Justice, Antitrust Div. Chicago Field Office, Case Study: Ready Mixed Concrete (undated). |
Scott D. Hammond, Dep. Ass't Att'y Gen., Antitrust Div., U.S. Dep't of Justice, Detroit presentation (Feb. 15, 2013) |
Elements of a criminal price-fixing violation |
± Sherman Act § 1, 15 U.S.C. § 1 | Additional requirement of criminal intent: United States v. Hudson & Goodwin, 11 U.S. 32 (1812) United States v. United States Gypsum Co., 438 U.S. 422 (1978) (± Oyez) United States v. Cinemette Corp. of Am., 687 F. Supp. 976 (W.D. Pa. 1988) |
Criminal antitrust penalties |
± Sherman Act § 1, 15 U.S.C. § 1 ± Sherman Act § 2, 15 U.S.C. § 2 ± 18 U.S.C. § 3571 (sentence of fine, especially alternative fine provision in subsection d) |
± U.S. Dept. of Justice, Antitrust Div., Sherman Act Violations Yielding a Corporate Fine of $10 Million or More Southern Union Co. v. United States, 132 S. Ct. 2344 (2012) (± Oyez) Apprendi v. New Jersey, 530 U.S. 466 (2000) See Order Denying United States's Motion for Order Regarding Fact Finding for Sentencing under 18 U.S.C. § 3571(d), United States v. AU Optronics Corp., No. 3:09-CR-00110 (N.D. Cal. July 18, 2011) (applying Apprendi and requiring DOJ to prove sentencing facts under 18 U.S.C. § 3571(d) to the jury beyond a reasonable doubt) ± Sherman Act § 6, 15 U.S.C. § 6 (forfeiture of property in transit) ± Free Exchange: Fine and Punishment: The Economics of Crime Suggests that Corporate Fines Should Be Even Higher, The Economist, June 21, 2012. ± Scott D. Hammond, Dep. Ass't Att'y Gen., Antitrust Div., U.S. Dep't of Justice, Statement on Behalf of the United States Department of Justice, Before the Antitrust Modernization Commission Hearings on Criminal Remedies (Nov. 3, 2005) |
Criminal subject matter jurisdiction |
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Criminal statute of limitations |
± 18 U.S.C. § 3282(a) |
United States v. Kissel, 218 U.S. 601 (1910) |
DOJ prosecutorial policy |
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Bill Baer, Ass't Att'y Gen., Antitrust Div., U.S. Dep't of Justice, Statement, Hearing on Oversight of the Enforcement of the Antitrust Laws Before the Subcomm. on Antitrust, Competition Policy and Consumer Rights of S. Comm. on the Judiciary (Mar. 9, 2016) Sally Quillian Yates, Dep. Att'y Gen., U.S. Dep't of Justice, Memorandum re Individual Accountability for Corporate Wrongdoing (Sept. 9, 2015) ("Yates memo") Bill Baer, Ass't Att'y Gen., Antitrust Div., U.S. Dep't of Justice, Prosecuting Antitrust Crimes, Remarks as Prepared for the Georgetown University Law Center Global Antitrust Enforcement Symposium (Sept. 10, 2014) R. Hewitt Pate, Ass't Att'y Gen., Antitrust Div., U.S. Dep't of Justice, Vigorous and Principled Antitrust Enforcement: Priorities and Goals, Address Before the Antitrust Section of the ABA Annual Meeting (Aug. 12, 2003), at 6 (for types antitrust conduct prosecuted criminally). ± U.S. Dep't of Justice, Antitrust Div., Antitrust Division Manual Ch.3 C.1 (5th ed. updated Apr. 2015) (providing nonbinding guidance of situations where nominally "hard core" per se cases should not be prosecuted criminally). See also ± Gregory J. Werden, Scott D. Hammond & Belinda A. Barnett, U.S. Dep't of Justice Antitrust Div., Deterrence and Detection of Cartels: Using All the Tools and Sanctions, Paper Prepared for the 26th Annual National Institute on White Collar Crime, Miami, Florida (Mar. 1, 2012), final version at 56 Antitrust Bull. 207 (2011). ± Robert H. Lande & Joshua P. Davis, The Extraordinary Deterrence of Private Antitrust Enforcement: A Reply to Werden, Hammond & Barnett (Aug. 6, 2012). ± Scott D. Hammond, Dep. Ass't Att'y Gen., Antitrust Div., U.S. Dep't of Justice,The Evolution of Criminal Antitrust Enforcement over the Last Two Decades, Remarks Before the ABA Criminal Justice Section 24th Annual National Institute on White Collar Crime, Miami, Florida (Feb. 25, 2010) ± Scott D. Hammond, Dep. Ass't Att'y Gen., Antitrust Div., U.S. Dep't of Justice,Ten Strategies for Winning the Fight Against Hardcore Cartels, PowerPoint presentation to the OECD Competition Committee Working Party No. 3 Prosecutors Program, Paris, France ( Oct. 18, 2005) U.S. Dep't of Justice, Antitrust Div., Price Fixing, Bid Rigging, and Market Allocation Schemes: What They Are and What to Look For (rev. Sep't 28, 2005) |
Compliance programs |
U.S. Dep't of Justice, Antitrust Div., Evaluation of Corporate Compliance Programs in Criminal Antitrust Investigations (July 2019) Makan Delrahim, Ass't Att'y Gen., Antitrust Div., Wind of Change: A New Model for Incentivizing Antitrust Compliance Programs, Remarks at the New York University School of Law Program on Corporate Compliance and Enforcement, New York, NY (July 11, 2019) ± Sullivan & Cromwell, DOJ Issues Guidance on the Evaluation of Antitrust Compliance Programs (July 15, 2019) |
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Criminal prosecution process |
± United States Attorney's Office, District of Minnesota, Federal Criminal Prosecution (short brochure explaining the criminal prosecution process) |
± U.S. Dep't of Justice, Antitrust Div., Workload Statistics FY 2009 - 2018 |
Criminal investigation procedural protections |
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DOJ investigations—FBI involvement and search warrants |
± Model Request for FBI Assistance ± Fed. R. Crim. P. 41 NB: Pay particular attention to: Application for a Search Warrant (Form AO 106) Search and Seizure Warrant form (Form AO 93) Affidavit of FBI Special Agent Steven L. Schlobohm in Support of Application for Search Warrant | In re North Plastics, Inc., 940 F. Supp. 229 (D. Minn.1996) (on the right of a person whose property is seized pursuant to a search warrant to examine the affidavit upon which the warrant was issued) Compare Order Suppressing Electronic Surveillance Evidence Collected at San Mateo County Courthouse, United States v. Giraudo, No. 3:14-cr-00534-CRB (N.D. Cal. Aug. 1, 2016) (suppressing warrantless recordings made outside local courthouses where public foreclosures auctions were held), with Pretrial Order No. 3, United States v. Marr, No. 4:14-cr-00580-PJH (N.D. Cal. July 22, 2016) (denying motion to suppress warrantless recordings made outside local courthouses where public foreclosures auctions were held) |
DOJ investigations—Grand jury investigation |
± Fed. R. Crim. P. 6 NB: Pay particular attention to: Grand Jury request form (USAM 9-11.260) ± Fed. R. Crim. P. 17 Form of Subpoena to Testify Before a Grand Jury (Form AO 110) Form of Warrant for the Arrest of a Witness in a Grand Jury Proceeding (Under Seal) (Form AO 444) | Introduction to the federal grand jury ± Administrative Office of the United States Courts, Handbook for Federal Grand Jurors ± Northern District of Illinois, Grand Jury Foreperson's Handbook ± The People's Panel (introductory film shown to federal grand jurors) Charles Doyle, The Federal Grand Jury (Congressional Research Service rev. Jan. 22, 2008) ± Administrative Office of the United States Courts, Model Grand Jury Charge Antitrust grand jury investigations ± U.S. Dep't of Justice, Antitrust Div., Grand Jury Manual ABA Section of Antitrust Law, Handbook on Antitrust Grand Jury Investigations (3d ed. 2002) DOJ/FBI interview record of Virgil Carl Mabrey (Carmel) (May 27, 2004) DOJ/FBI interview record of Scott Hughey (Aug. 19, 2004) DOJ/FBI interview record of Pete Irving (Sept. 16, 2004) DOJ/FBI interview record of John Huggins (Sept. 16, 2004) DOJ/FBI interview record of Dan Butler (IMI VP) (Oct. 18, 2004) DOJ/FBI interview record of Price Irving (Oct. 19, 2004) DOJ/FBI interview record of John Huggins (Jan. 4, 2005) DOJ/FBI interview record of Dan Butler (IMI VP) (Aug. 17, 2005) DOJ/FBI interview record of Jason Mann (American Concrete) (Aug. 1, 2006) |
Indictments and informations |
± Fed. R. Crim. P. 7 |
± U.S. Dep't of Justice, Antitrust Div., Antitrust Division Manual Ch. 4 F.1-2 (5th ed. updated Mar. 2014) (drafting and returning the indictment) ± U.S. Dep't of Justice, Antitrust Div., Antitrust Division Grand Jury Practice Manual Ch. VII (indictment and information) Order on Miscellaneous Pretrial Motions, United States v. Eagle Eyes Traffic Industrial Co., No. CR 11-00488 RS (N.D. Cal. Mar. 8, 2012) (denying defendants’ motions to dismiss and for a bill of particulars) Docket sheet (downloaded Mar. 9, 2012) Superseding Indictment (Nov. 30, 2011) United States’ Opposition to Motion by Defendants Eagle Eyes and E-Lite to Dismiss Indictment for Failure to Allege Essential Element of Charged Crime (Feb. 21, 2012) (Exhibit A) (Exhibit B) Notice of Motion and Motion of Defendants for Bill of Particulars; Declaration of Kenneth B. Julian in Support Thereof (Feb. 7, 2012) Notice of Defendant Homy Hsu’s Joinder in Defendants Eagle Eyes and E-Lite’s Motion for Bill of Particulars (Feb. 7, 2012) United States' Opposition to (1) Eagle Eyes and E-Lite's Motion for Bill of Particulars and (2) Homy Hsu's Joinder (Feb. 21, 2012) (declaration) |
Criminal complaints |
± Fed. R. Crim. P. 3 ± Fed. R. Crim. P. 4 | Criminal Complaint, United States v. Homy Hong-Ming Hsu, No. 3:11-cr-70758 (N.D. Cal. filed July 12, 2011) (part of the aftermarket automobile lights investigation) Docket sheet (downloaded Oct. 16, 2012) Case merged with United States v. Homy Hong-Ming Hsu, No. 3:11-cr-00488-RS-1 (N.D. Cal.), on July 19, 2011 Docket sheet (downloaded Oct. 16, 2012) Indictment (July 19, 2011) (DOJ press release) Motion To Establish Procedure For Crime Victim Notification Pursuant To 18 U.S.C. § 3771 (July 21, 2011) (proposed order) (order) Order Setting Conditions of Release, Pending Further Hearing Currently Set For August 18, 2011 (Aug. 12, 2011) Minute order (Aug. 18, 2011) (setting bond at $1 million) Order re Anticipated Release of Defendant (August 18, 2011) United States' and Defendant Homy Hongming Hsu's Joint Request to Exclude Time from August 23, 2011 to March 5, 2012 (Aug. 23, 2011) Order (Aug. 23, 2011) Speedy Trial Act of 1974, 18 U.S.C. §§ 3161-3174 (requiring, among other things, that a criminal defendant’s trial to commence within 70 days of his indictment or initial appearance) Stipulation and [Proposed] Order Modifying Conditions of Pretrial Release (Oct. 18, 2011) Order (Oct. 18, 2011) Superseding Indictment (Nov. 30, 2011) (DOJ press release) Stipulation and [Proposed] Order Modifying Conditions of Pretrial Release (Nov. 30, 2011) Order (Dec. 1, 2011) Minute entry re initial appearance and plea of not guilty (Dec. 20, 2011) Joint Request to Exclude Time from December 20, 2011 To June 18, 2012 (Dec. 23, 2011) Order (Dec. 27, 2011) Order Denying Motion to Dismiss Indictment or, in the Alternative, for Ruling as a Matter of Law re: Rule of Reason (Sept. 11, 2012) Plea Agreement (Sept. 26, 2012) (as to Homy Hong-Ming Hsu—not publicly available) |
DOJ leniency policy |
Current Antitrust Division Leniency Policy and Procedures (Apr. 4, 2022) News Release, U.S. Dep't of Justice, Antitrust Division Updates Its Leniency Policy and Issues Revised Plain Language Answers to Frequently Asked Questions (Apr. 4, 2022) Frequently Asked Questions about the Antitrust Division’s Leniency Program (Apr. 2022) Model Corporate Conditional Leniency Letter (Apr. 4, 2022) Model Individual Conditional Leniency Letter (Apr. 4, 2022) Model Dual Investigations Conditional Leniency Letter (Apr. 4, 2022) (used when the corporate leniency applicant is a subject, target, or defendant in another Antitrust Division investigation)
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± Antitrust Division Leniency web page Superceded DOJ Corporate Leniency Policy (Aug. 10, 1993) DOJ Individual Leniency Policy (Aug. 10, 1994) U.S. Dep't of Justice, Antitrust Div., Frequently Asked Questions Regarding the Antitrust Division's Leniency Program and Model Leniency Letters (Jan. 26, 2017) Prior version: Scott C. Hammond & Belinda A. Barnett, Frequently Asked Questions Regarding the Antitrust Division's Leniency Program and Model Leniency Letters (Nov. 19, 2008) U.S. Dep't of Justice, Antitrust Div., Evaluation of Corporate Compliance Programs in Criminal Antitrust Investigations (July 2019) News Release, U.S. Dep't of Justice, Antitrust Division Announces New Policy to Incentivize Corporate Compliance (July 11, 2019)
Model Corporate Conditional Leniency Letter (Nov. 20, 2018) Model Individual Conditional Leniency Letter (Nov. 20, 2018) Model Dual Investigations Leniency Letter (July 24, 2019) (used when the corporate leniency applicant is a subject, target, or defendant in another Antitrust Division investigation) Speeches and commentary Richard A. Powers, Dep. Ass't Att'y Gen., Antitrust Div., U.S. Dep't of Justice, A Matter of Trust: Enduring Leniency Lessons for the Future of Cartel Enforcement (Feb. 19, 2020) Scott Hammond, Dep. Ass't Att'y Gen., Antitrust Div., U.S. Dep't of Justice, The Role of Markers in Leniency Programs (Oct. 16, 2012) U.S. Dep't of Justice, Antitrust Div., Press Release, Bank of America Agrees to Pay $137.3 Million in Restitution to Federal and State Agencies as a Condition of the Justice Department’s Antitrust Corporate Leniency Program (Dec. 7, 2010) Bank of America settlement agreement with 20 states (Dec. 7, 2010) Scott D. Hammond, Dep. Ass't Att'y Gen., Antitrust Div., U.S. Dep't of Justice, Recent Developments Relating to the Antitrust Division's Corporate Leniency Program, Prepared Remarks Before the ABA Criminal Justice Section National Institute on White Collar Crime, San Francisco, CA (Mar. 5, 2009) ± Bruce A. Baird, Derek Ludwin & Monique M. Mendez, Reexamining the Market-Based Approach to Criminal Antitrust Enforcement Against Individuals, Antitrust, Summer 2009, at 92 Litigation papers Memorandum Opinion, In re Micron Secs. Litig., No. 09-mc-00609 (GK) (D.D.C. filed Feb. 1, 2010) (denying plaintiff's motion to compel the DOJ to produce all records of interviews of Micron employees in connection with the DOJ’s antitrust investigation and leniency program) (reported at 264 F.R.D. 7) Order Granting Samsung's Administrative Motion to File Leniency Agreement under Seal for in Camera Review, In re Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) Antitrust Litig., MDL No. 1819 (N.D. Cal. Jan. 12, 2011) (granting Samsung's motion to exclude at trial any evidence of or reference to the leniency agreement) |
Plea agreements |
U.S. Dep't of Justice, Antitrust Div., Grand Jury Manual ch. IX (Nov. 1991) (plea agreements) Scott D. Hammond, Dep. Ass't Att'y Gen., Antitrust Div., U.S. Dep't of Justice, The U.S. Model of Negotiated Plea Agreements: A Good Deal With Benefits For All, Prepared for the OECD Competition Committee Working Party No. 3, Paris (Oct. 17, 2006) Scott D. Hammond, Dep. Ass't Att'y Gen., Antitrust Div., U.S. Dep't of Justice, Measuring the Value of Second-In Cooperation in Corporate Plea Negotiations, Prepared Remarks Before the 54th Annual American Bar Association Section of Antitrust Law Spring Meeting, Washington, D.C. (Mar. 29, 2006) |
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Shelby Materials |
Shelby Conditional Amnesty Agreement (June 16, 2004) (not prosecuted) |
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Irving Materials Inc. (IMI) |
Irving Materials Conditional Amnesty Agreement (May 26, 2005)
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See Information, United States v. Lee, No. IP 05 - 63- CR-01M/ F (S.D. Ind. filed Apr. 28, 2005) Plea agreement (Apr. 28, 2005) Indictment, United States v. Lee's Ready Mix & Trucking, Inc., No. IP 05 -77- CR-01M/F (S.D. Ind. May 18, 2005) Docket sheet (downloaded Feb. 3, 2014) Pleaded guilty on July 22, 2005. Sentenced to $500K fine, probation of 5 years, and an assessment of $400. |
ACPERA |
Antitrust Criminal Penalty Enhancement and Reform Act of 2004, Pub. L. No. 108-237, tit. II, 118 Stat. 661, 665 (codified as as amended in 15 U.S.C.A. § 7a note) NB: In 2020, Congress eliminated the sunset provision in ACPERA. Antitrust Criminal Penalty Enhancement And Reform Permanent Extension Act, Pub. L. 116–159, div. D, title III, §4303(a), Oct. 1, 2020, 134 Stat. 742 (2020). |
Antitrust Criminal Penalty Enhancement and Reform Permanent Extension Act, Pub. L. 116–159, div. D, title III, §4303(a), Oct. 1, 2020, 134 Stat. 742 (2020). ± U.S. Dep't of Justice, Antitrust Div., Public Roundtable on Antitrust Criminal Penalty Enhancement & Reform Act (ACPERA) web page Antitrust Criminal Penalty Enhancement and Reform Act of 2004, Pub. L. No. 108-237, tit. II, 118 Stat. 661, 665 (codified as 15 U.S.C.A. § 1 note) (ACPERA) (± legislative background) 149 Cong. Rec. S23520 (Oct. 29, 2003) (statement of Sen. Kohl) (introducing bill). 150 Cong. Rec. S3614 (Apr. 2, 2004) (statement of Sen. Hatch) (noting, among other things, that the remaining defendants are jointly and severally responsible for three times the actual conspiratorial damages, including the nonrecovered portion of the treble damages attributable to the conduct of the amnesty-applicant). ± Antitrust Criminal Penalty Enhancement and Reform Act of 2004 Extension Act, Pub. L. 111-30, 123 Stat. 1775 (2009) (extending ACPERA's five-year sunset provision by one year to June 23, 2010) Pub. L. No. 111-190, 124 Stat. 1275 (June 9, 2010) (extending ACPERA's sunset provision to June 23, 2020 and making various other changes)
U.S. Dep't of Justice, Antitrust Div., Department of Justice Applauds President Trump’s Authorization of the Antitrust Criminal Penalty Enhancement and Reform Permanent Extension Act (Oct. 1, 2020) ± U.S. Dep't of Justice, Antitrust Div., Public Roundtable on Antitrust Criminal Penalty Enhancement & Reform Act (ACPERA) (web page, including links to public comments) U.S. Gov't Accountability Office, Criminal Cartel Enforcement: Stakeholder Views on Impact of 2004 Antitrust Reform Are Mixed, but Support Whistleblower Protection (July 2011) ± Douglas H. Ginsburg & Cecilia (Yixi) Cheng, The Decline in U.S. Criminal Antitrust Cases: ACPERA and Leniency in an International Context (2019) ± Olivia Bodnar, Melinda Fremerey, Hans-Theo Normann & Jannika Schad, The Effects of Private Damage Caims on Cartel Stability: Experimental Evidence (DICE Discussion Paper No. 315, 2019) ± Michael W. Scarborough & Dylan I. Ballard, The Case for Eliminating ACPERA's Supplemental Cooperation Requirement for Amnesty Applicants (2011) ± Michael D. Hausfeld, Michael P. Lehmann & Megan E. Jones, Observations from the Field: ACPERA's First Five Years, 10 Sedona Conf. J. 95 (2009) |
Irving Materials Plea Agreement (June 29, 2005) (corporate plea agreement) Fred R. "Pete" Irving Plea Agreement (June 29, 2005) (individual plea agreement) ± Fed. R. Crim. P. 11 (pleas) | Selected statues referenced in the IMI plea agreement: ± 18 U.S.C. § 3742 (review of a sentence) ± 18 U.S.C. § 3663 (order of restitution) ± 18 U.S.C. § 3013 (special assessment on convicted persons) ± 18 U.S.C. § 3561 (sentence of probation) ± 18 U.S.C. § 3612 (collection of unpaid fine or restitution) ± 18 U.S.C. § 3572 (imposition of a sentence of fine and related matters) ± 18 U.S.C. § 3553 (imposition of a sentence) ± 18 U.S.C. § 3571 (sentence of fine) Other IMI-related plea agreements: Price Irving Plea Agreement (June 29, 2005) (individual plea agreement) Butler Plea Agreement (June 29, 2005) (individual plea agreement) John Huggins Plea Agreement (June 29, 2005) (individual plea agreement) U.S. Dep't of Justice, Press Release, Indiana Ready Mixed Concrete Producer and Four Executives Agree to Plead Guilty to Price-Fixing Charge (June 29, 2005) DOJ materials: DOJ Model Annotated Corporate Plea Agreement (rev. Dec. 20, 2013) DOJ Model Annotated Individual Plea Agreement (rev. Dec. 20, 2013) ± Scott D. Hammond, Dep. Ass't Att'y Gen., Antitrust Div., U.S. Dep't of Justice, The U.S. Model of Negotiated Plea Agreements: A Good Deal With Benefits For All, Remarks Before the OECD Competition Committee, Working Party No. 3, Paris (Oct. 17, 2006) |
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Information, United States v. Irving Materials, Inc., Cause No. IP 05- 94 -CR-01 M/F (S.D. Ind. filed June 29, 2005) (against Irving Materials, Inc., Daniel C. Butler, John Huggins, Fred R. "Pete" Irving, and Price Irving) |
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Builder's Concrete |
Information (Mar. 30, 2006) (against Builder's Concrete & Supply Co., Inc. and Gus B. Nuckols III, a/k/a Butch Nuckols) Builder's Concrete Plea Agreement (Mar. 30, 2006) Butch Nuckols Plea Agreement (Mar. 30, 2006) Transcript of proceedings from the Builder's guilty plea hearing (Mar. 31, 2006) U.S. Dep't of Justice, Press Release, Indiana Ready Mixed Concrete Producer and President Agree to Plead Guilty to Price-Fixing Charge (Mar. 30, 2006) |
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Hughey, Inc. |
Information (Apr. 27, 2006) Plea Agreement (Hughey, Inc. d/b/a Carmel Concrete Products) (Apr. 27, 2006) Plea Agreement (Scott Hughey) (Apr. 27, 2006) Sentencing Memorandum (Aug. 9, 2006) U.S. Dep't of Justice, Press Release, Indiana Ready Mixed Concrete Producer and President Agree To Plead Guilty To Price-Fixing Charge (Apr. 27, 2006) |
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Sentencing |
± 18 U.S.C. § 3553 | ± U.S. Dep't of Justice, Antitrust Div., Antitrust Division Manual Ch.4 F.6 (5th ed. updated Mar. 2014) (sentencing recommendations) ± Robert Connolly, Brian Boyle & Mark Kasten, A Peek behind the Record |
Sentencing memoranda |
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—Corporations |
United States’ Sentencing Memorandum, Motion for Departure, and Request for Expedited Sentencing, United States v. Elna Co., No. 4:16-cr-00365-JD (N.D. Cal. filed Apr. 20, 207) United States’ Supplemental Sentencing Memorandum (Sept. 6, 2017) |
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United States Sentencing Memorandum and Motion for a Downward Departure Pursuant to United States Sentencing Guidelines § 8C4.1, United States v. Kayaba Industry Co., No. 1:15-cr-00098 (S.D. Ohio filed Oct. 5, 2015) Judgment in a Criminal Case (Nov. 2, 2015) |
Indictment, United States v. Kayaba Industry Co., No. 1:15-cr-00098 (S.D. Ohio filed Sept. 16, 2015) Docket sheet (downloaded June 2, 2016) Plea Agreement (Sept. 16, 2015) Transcript of plea hearing (Oct. 29, 2015) Criminal minutes of plea hearing (Oct. 29, 2015) Satisfaction of Criminal Judgment (Dec. 17, 2015) |
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United States’ Sentencing Memorandum, United States v. AU Optronics Corp., No. 3:09-CR-00110 (N.D. Cal. filed Sept. 11, 2012)
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Superseding Indictment, United States v. AU Optronics Corp., No. 3:09-CR-00110 (N.D. Cal. filed June 10, 2010) Exhibits to U.S. Sentencing Memorandum Declaration of Dr. Keith Leffler Regarding AUO’S U.S. Volume of Commerce for Sentencing Hearing (Sept. 11, 2012) (Exhibits A, B,C and D) Declaration of Heather S. Tewksbury in Support of United States’ Sentencing Memorandum (Sept. 11, 2012) AUO response Transcript of Proceeding (Sept. 20, 2012) For more materials on sentencing in the AUO case, see here. |
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United States’ Sentencing Memorandum, United States v. Hitachi Automotive Sys., Ltd., No. 1:16-cr-00078-MRB (S.D. Ohio filed Feb. 6, 2017) Defendant’s Sentencing Memorandum, United States v. Hitachi Automotive Sys., Ltd., No. 1:16-cr-00078-MRB (S.D. Ohio filed Feb. 7, 2017) Judgment in a Criminal Case (Feb. 17, 2017) Satisfaction of Criminal Judgment (Mar. 24, 2017) |
Information, United States v. Hitachi Automotive Sys., Ltd., No. 1:16-cr-00078-MRB (S.D. Ohio filed Aug. 9, 2016) Docket sheet (downloaded Dec. 10, 2017) Waiver of Indictment (Aug. 9, 2017) Plea Agreement (Aug. 9, 2016) (filed under seal) Plea Hearing Transcript (Sept. 29, 2016) Sentencing Hearing Transcript (Feb. 16, 2017) Criminal Sentencing Minutes (Feb. 16, 2017) |
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Joint Sentencing Memorandum, United States v. Samsung Elec. Co., No. CR 05-0643 (PJH) (N.D. Cal. filed Nov. 23, 2005) Judgment in a Criminal Case, United States v. Samsung Elec. Co., No. CR 05-0643 (PJH) (Nov. 30, 2005)
Information (Oct. 13, 2005) (DOJ news release) Docket sheet (downloaded Feb. 1, 2012) (case terminated Nov. 30, 2005) Plea Agreement (Nov. 30, 2005) Stipulation and Order for Expedited Sentencing under L.R. 32-1(B) (Nov. 30, 2005) |
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—Individuals |
United States’ Sentencing Memorandum, United States v. AU Optronics Corp., No. 3:09-CR-00110 (N.D. Cal. filed Sept. 11, 2012) Defendant Hui Hsiung’s Sentencing Memorandum (Sept. 11, 2012) United States’ Reply to Defendants’ Sentencing Memoranda (Sept. 17, 2012) Judgment in a Criminal Case (Oct. 2, 2012) |
Transcript of Proceeding (Sept. 20, 2012) For more materials on sentencing in the AUO case, see here. |
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Joint Sentencing Memorandum, United States v. Il Ung Kim, No. CR 06-692 (PJH) (N.D. Cal. filed May 1, 2007) Docket sheet (downloaded Jan. 30, 2010) (case terminated May 2, 2007) Indictment (Oct. 18, 2006) (DOJ news release) Plea Agreement (May 2, 2007) (DOJ news release) Judgment in a Criminal Case, United States v. Il Ung Kim, No. CR 06-692 (PJH) (PJH) (N.D. Cal. filed May 3, 2007) |
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Sentencing Guidelines |
Antitrust-specific: U.S. Sentencing Comm'n, U.S. Sentencing Guidelines Manual § 2R1.1 (rev. Nov. 1, 2018) (Antitrust Offenses)
For organizations: U.S. Sentencing Comm'n, U.S. Sentencing Guidelines Manual § 8C (rev. Nov. 1, 2018) (Fines) U.S. Sentencing Comm'n, U.S. Sentencing Guidelines Manual § 8C4.1 (rev. Nov. 1, 2018) (Substantial Assistance to Authorities - Organizations (Policy Statement))
For individuals: U.S. Sentencing Comm'n, U.S. Sentencing Guidelines Manual § 3B1.1 (rev. Nov. 1, 2018) (Aggravating Role) U.S. Sentencing Comm'n, U.S. Sentencing Guidelines Manual § 3B1.2 (rev. Nov. 1, 2018) (Mitigating Role) U.S. Sentencing Comm'n, U.S. Sentencing Guidelines Manual § 4A1.1 (rev. Nov. 1, 2018) (Criminal History) U.S. Sentencing Comm'n, U.S. Sentencing Guidelines Manual Chapter 5 pt. A (rev. Nov. 1, 2018) (Sentencing Table) U.S. Sentencing Comm'n, U.S. Sentencing Guidelines Manual Chapter 5 pt. B (rev. Nov. 1, 2018) (Probation) U.S. Sentencing Comm'n, U.S. Sentencing Guidelines Manual § 5C (rev. Nov. 1, 2018) (Supervised Release) U.S. Sentencing Comm'n, U.S. Sentencing Guidelines Manual § 5D (rev. Nov. 1, 2018) (Supervised Release) U.S. Sentencing Comm'n, U.S. Sentencing Guidelines Manual § 5E (rev. Nov. 1, 2018) (Restitution, Fines, Assessments, Forfeitures) U.S. Sentencing Comm'n, U.S. Sentencing Guidelines Manual § 5K1 (rev. Nov. 1, 2018) (Substantial Assistance to Authorities - Individuals (Policy Statement)) |
Generally: ± U.S. Sentencing Comm'n, U.S. Sentencing Guidelines Manual (rev. Nov. 1, 2018) (complete) ± U.S. Sentencing Commission home page U.S. Dep't of Justice, Press Release, Assistant Attorney General for Antitrust, R. Hewitt Pate, Issues Statement on Enactment of Antitrust Criminal Penalty Enhancement and Reform Act of 2004 (June 23, 2004) ± Charles Tetzlaff, Gen. Counsel, U.S. Sentencing Comm'n., Written Statement of the United States Sentencing Commission Before the Antitrust Modernization Commission (Nov. 3, 2005).
For organizations: U.S. Sentencing Comm'n, U.S. Sentencing Guidelines Manual § 8B1.1 (rev. Nov. 1, 2018) (Remedying Harm from Criminal Conduct) U.S. Sentencing Comm'n, U.S. Sentencing Guidelines Manual § 8B2 (rev. Nov. 1, 2018) (Effective Compliance and Ethics Program) U.S. Sentencing Comm'n, U.S. Sentencing Guidelines Manual § 8D (rev. Nov. 1, 2018) (Organizational Probation) See 18 U.S.C. § 3561 (Sentence of probation); § 3565 (revocation of probation) See U.S. Sentencing Comm'n, Office of Gen. Counsel, Chapter Eight Fine Primer: Determining the Appropriate Fine Under the Organizational Guidelines (Mar. 2013)
For individuals: U.S. Sentencing Comm'n, U.S. Sentencing Guidelines Manual Chapter 3 (rev. Nov. 1, 2018) (Adjustments)
Commentary: ± Frederick Thide, Judicial Policy Nullification of the Antitrust Sentencing Guideline, 523 B.C. L. Rev. 861 (2012). |
See U.S. Sentencing Comm'n, Proposed Priorities for Amendment Cycle, 79 Fed. Reg. 31409 (July 2, 2014) (identifying as a priority a study of antitrust offenses, including examination of the fine provisions in § 2R1.1 (Bid-Rigging, Price-Fixing or Market Allocation Agreements Among |
Selected public comments American Antitrust Institute (July 28, 2014) U.S. Dep't of Justice (July 29, 2014) (esp. pp. 24-25) ABA Section of Antitrust Law (July 27, 2015) |
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Strongly recommended but not required: Memorandum Opinion and Order, United States v. Vandebrake, No. 5:10-cr-04025-MWB (N.D. Iowa Feb. 8, 2011) (rejecting recommended sentence of 19 months imprisonment and a $100,000 criminal fine under a plea agreement and, finding antitrust violations similar to fraud and theft, sentencing individual defendant above the guidelines range to 48 months imprisonment followed by three years of supervised release and 500 hours of community service and to a fine of $829,715.85 (representing 15% of the volume of commerce affected by him))
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Docket sheet (downloaded Mar. 10, 2012) Information (Apr. 26, 2010) Transcript of Plea Taking (May 4, 2010) Rule 11(c)(1)(C) Report and Recommendation Concerning Pleas of Guilty (May 4, 2010) Order Regarding Defendant’s Rule 11(c)(1)(C) Plea Agreement (May 20, 2010) (declining to be bound by recommended sentence in plea agreement) Transcript of Status Conference (May 26, 2010) Order Regarding Magistrate’s Report and Recommendation Concerning Defendant’s Guilty Plea (May 26, 2010) Plea Agreement (May 27, 2010) (resubmitted as a Rule 11(c)(1)(B) plea agreement) Consolidated Sentencing Memorandum and Response to Defendant Kent Robert Stewart’s “Motion For Departure” (Nov. 24, 2010) (by the United States) Sentencing Memorandum (Nov. 24, 2010) (by Vandebrake) Supplemental Sentencing Memorandum (Nov. 29, 2010) (by Vandebrake) Memorandum Opinion and Order (Feb. 8, 2011) The opinion also addresses the sentencing of coconspirator Kent Stewart Judgment in a Criminal Case (Feb. 2, 2011) |
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Judgment in a Criminal Case, United States v. Ghio, No. 2:10CR00144-001 (E.D. Cal. Sept. 27, 2016) |
Information, United States v. Ghio, No. 2:10CR00144-001 (E.D. Cal. Apr. 13, 2010) (DOJ news release) Docket sheet (downloaded Jan. 6, 2017) Plea and Cooperation Agreement (Apr. 19, 2010) [The court entered multiple stays of sentencing while defendant was cooperating with the DOJ in the investigation and prosecution of various coconspirators] Presentencing Report (Aug. 22, 2016) (under seal) United States’ Response to the PSR (Aug. 29, 2016) Government’s Sentencing Memorandum and Motion for Downward Departure Pursuant to U.S.S.G. § 5K1.1 (Sept. 6, 2016) Defendant’s Sentencing Memorandum (Sept. 6, 2016) Sentencing Minutes (Sept. 12, 2016) Transcript of Sentencing Hearing (Sept. 12, 2016) [not yet released] Stipulated Statement of Restitution (Sept. 19, 2016) |
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United States v. Vandebrake, No. 11-1390 (8th Cir. Apr. 27, 2012) (affirming the trial court's sentence) Judgment (Apr. 27, 2012) |
Appeal: Docket sheet (downloaded Feb. 5, 2013) (± DOJ web site) Appellant’s Brief (May 13, 2011) Appellant's Addendum (May 13, 2011) Corrected Brief for Appellee United States of America (July 8, 2011) Appellant' s Reply Brief (July 25, 2011) Motion to Enforce the Plea Agreement (July 22, 2011) Government’s Response to Appellant’s Motion to Enforce the Plea Agreement (Aug. 1, 2012) Order (Aug. 2, 2012) (consolidating motion with appeal) Oral argument (Nov. 17, 2011) Judgment (Apr. 27, 2012) Petition for Rehearing En Banc: Petition for Panel Rehearing or Rehearing En Banc (May 25, 2012) Response to Petition for Rehearing or Rehearing En Banc (June 22, 2012) Order (July 20, 2012) (denying petition for rehearing en banc) Mandate (July 31, 2012) Petition for a Writ of Certiorari (No. 12-488) Petition for a writ of certiorari (Oct. 18, 2012) Brief for the United States in Opposition (Jan. 22, 2013) Reply of petitioner (Feb. 18, 2013) Petition denied (Feb. 25, 2013) |
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United States v. Peake, No. 14-1088 (1st Cir. Oct. 14, 2015) (affirming a five-year sentence for a price-fixing conviction in the Puerto Rican shipping conspiracy) Judgment (Oct. 15, 2015) |
District court Indictment, United States v. Peake, No. 3:11-cr-00512-DRD (D.P..R. returned Nov. 17, 2011) Docket sheet (downloaded Dec. 10, 2015) Jury instructions (Jan. 25, 2013) Jury Verdict (Jan. 29, 2015) Frank Peake’s Objections to the Presentence Investigation Report (Aug. 13, 2013) United States’ Sentencing Memorandum (Sept. 10, 2013) Exhibit 1: MLex report Transcript of Sentencing Hearing (Dec. 6, 2013) Opinion and Order (Dec. 6, 2013) (denying defendant's motion for new trial and judgment of acquittal) Judgment in a Criminal Case (Dec. 6, 2013) First Circuit Docket sheet (downloaded Oct. 15, 2015) Brief of Appellant Frank Peake (Aug. 7, 2014) Brief for the United States of America (Oct. 9, 2014) Reply Brief of Appellant Frank Peake (Nov. 26, 2014) |
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Beaver indictment |
Indictment, United States v. Ma-ri-al Corporation d/b/a Beaver Materials Corp. et al., Cause No. IP 06-61-CR-01 M/F (S.D. Ind. filed Apr. 11, 2006) (against Ma-ri-al Corporation d/b/a Beaver Materials Corp., Chris A. Beaver, Ricky J. Beaver, and John J. Blatzheim) Docket sheet (downloaded January 14, 2020) |
U.S. Dep't of Justice, Press Release, Indianapolis Ready Mixed Concrete Producer and Three Executives Indicted on Price-Fixing Charge (Apr. 11, 2006) U.S. Dep't of Justice, Press Release, Indiana Ready Mixed Concrete Producer and President Agree to Plead Guilty to Price-Fixing Charge (Apr. 27, 2006) Plea Agreement (Nov. 2, 2006) (John J. Blatzheim) Docket sheet (downloaded Mar. 20, 2018) |
Beaver trial |
Jury charge (Nov. 16, 2006) (from the trial transcript) Verdict (Nov. 16, 2006) |
Docket sheet (Beaver) (downloaded Feb. 10, 2012) Criminal information sheet (Apr. 11, 2006) United States' Trial Brief (Oct. 16, 2006) Trial transcript (Nov. 13, 2006) (trial commences) Defendants' Motion for a Judgment of Acquittal Pursuant to Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 29 (Nov. 15, 2006) Verdict (Nov. 16, 2006) Defendants Motion for a Judgment of Acquittal Pursuant to Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 29(c) (Nov. 22, 2006) Government's Response to Defendants' Motion for a Judgment of Acquittal Pursuant to Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 29(c) (Nov. 28, 2006) Order on Defendants' Motion for Judgment of Acquittal Pursuant to Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 29(c) (Jan. 23, 2007) Judgment (Dec. 20, 2006) (finding all defendants guilty) |
Jury trials generally |
United States’ Motion for Additional Jury Instruction, United States v. AU Optronics Corp., No. CR-09-0110 SI (N.D. Cal. Mar. 6, 2012) (seeking additional instructions for jurors not to sleep during deliberations) Administrative Office of the United States Courts, Handbook for Jurors Serving in the United States District Courts |
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Jury instructions |
Final Jury Instructions, United States v. Marr, No. 4:14-cr-00580-PJH (N.D. Cal. June 1, 2017) Jury Verdict (June 2, 2017)
Judgment in a Criminal Case (Dec. 7, 2017) (Javier Sanchez) |
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JudgmentNB: Some of the judgments have a civil case number header because they were exhibits in the follow-on civil action. |
Judgment in a Criminal Case against Irving Materials, Inc. United States' Sentencing Memorandum (Feb. 6, 2007) (with respect to Chris Beaver) Judgment in a Criminal Case (Feb. 20, 2007) (against Chris Beaver) (sentenced to 27 months incarceration, 2 years supervised release, and a fine of $5000)
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Defendant Chris Beaver's Objection To Pre-Sentence Investigation Report (Jan. 19, 2007) Defendant's Presentence Memorandum (Jan. 29, 2007) (for Chris Beaver) Court transcript (Feb. 9, 2007) (hearing on defendant's objections to United States Sentencing Memorandum) Courtroom minutes (Feb. 9, 2007) Amended Judgment in a Criminal Case against Fred R. (“Pete”) Irving (Dec. 9, 2005) (pleaded guilty; correction of sentence by sentencing court) Amended Judgment in a Criminal Case against Scott D. Hughey (Dec. 14, 2006) (pleaded guilty; correction of sentence for clerical mistake) Judgment in a Criminal Case against Builder's Concrete and Supply Company, Inc. Judgment in a Criminal Case against Gus B. (“Butch”) Nuckols III Judgment in a Criminal Case against Daniel C. Butler Judgment in a Criminal Case against John J. Blatzheim Judgment in a Criminal Case against John Huggins Judgment in a Criminal Case against MA-RI-AL Corporation Judgment in a Criminal Case against Price C. Irving |
Beaver appeal |
Notice of Appeal (Feb. 20, 2007) Review United States v. Beaver, No. 07-1381 (7th Cir. Feb. 4, 2008) (affirming conviction) (reported at 515 F.3d 730) ± Oral argument (Oct. 22, 2007) (audio file) |
Brief and Required Short Appendix of Defendant-Appellant, Chris Beaver (May 23, 2007) Brief for Appellant United States of America (June 21, 2007) Reply Brief of Defendant-Appellant, Chris Beaver (July 6, 2007) For more on appeals of criminal convictions, see the AUO case. |
Beaver incarceration and probation |
| Request for Early Termination of Supervision (Mar. 23, 2010) Order (Mar. 25, 2010) (approving request) |
Reference Materials |
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Significant criminal price fixing precedents |
United States v. Wise, 370 U.S. 405 (1962) (employee liability) See Clayton Act § 14, 15 U.S.C. § 24 (not exclusive after Wise) United States v. United States Gypsum Co., 438 U.S. 422 (1978) (criminal intent) (± Oyez) ± United States v. Anderson, 326 F.3d 1319, 1323 (11th Cir. 2003) (mechanics) United States v. Cinemette Corp. of Am., 687 F. Supp. 976 (W.D. Pa. 1988) (criminal prosecutorial discretion) ± Stolt-Nielsen, S.A. v. United States, 442 F.3d 177 (3d Cir. 2006) (enforcement of immunity agreement under DOJ corporate leniency program) (± DOJ web page) |
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Basic materials |
± DOJ Criminal Enforcement web page ± U.S. Dep't of Justice, United States Attorney's Manual ± U.S. Dep't of Justice, Antitrust Div., Grand Jury Manual ± U.S. Dep't of Justice, Antitrust Div., Antitrust Division Manual (5th ed. rev. Mar. 2014) ± ABA Antitrust Section Cartel and Criminal Practice web page ABA Section of Antitrust Law, Handbook on Antitrust Grand Jury Investigations (3d ed. 2002) ABA Section of Antitrust Law, Criminal Antitrust Litigation Handbook (2d ed. 2006) |
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Motivations |
± Andreas Stephan, The Price Fixer: Compliance Tales from the Other Side (Centre for Competition Policy Working Paper No. 21-06, May 18, 2021) |
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Criminal penalties—Statutory history |
The Act of July 7, 1955, Pub. L. No. 84-135, 69 Stat. 282 (1955) (increasing maximum criminal fine to $50,000 from $5000) The Antitrust Procedures and Penalties Act, Pub. L. 93-528, § 3, 88 Stat. 1706 (1974) (increasing maximum corporate fine to $1 million, maximum individual fine to $100,000, and maximum individual imprisonment to three years; made a violation of the Sherman Act a felony) The Antitrust Amendments Act of 1990, Pub. L. No. 101-588, § 4, 104 Stat. 2880 (1990) (increasing maximum corporate fine to $10 million and maximum individual fine to $350,000) The Antitrust Criminal Penalty Enhancement and Reform Act of 2004, Pub. L. No. 108-237, title II, § 215, 118 Stat. 668 (2004) (increasing maximum corporate fine to $100 million, maximum individual fine to $1,000,000, and maximum individual imprisonment to three years) |
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Exercise of prosecutorial discretion |
± U.S. Dep't of Justice, Antitrust Div., Antitrust Division Manual Ch.3 C.1 (5th ed. updated Mar. 2014) (providing nonbinding guidance of situations where nominally "hard core" per se cases should not be prosecuted criminally) ± R. Hewitt Pate, Ass't Att'y Gen., Antitrust Div., U.S. Dep't of Justice, Vigorous and Principled Antitrust Enforcement: Priorities and Goals, Address Before the Antitrust Section of the ABA Annual Meeting, at 6 (Aug. 12, 2003) |
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Prosecution and general deterrence |
± London Economics, The Impact of Competition Interventions on Compliance and Deterrence (Dec. 2011) (report commissioned by the U.K. Office of Fair Trading) |
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Requirement of criminal intent |
United States v. United States Gypsum Co., 438 U.S. 422 (1978) (± Oyez) United States v. Cinemette Corp. of Am., 687 F. Supp. 976 (W.D. Pa. 1988) |
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Criminal enforcement activity |
± U.S. Dep't of Justice, Antitrust Div., Workload Statistics FY 2002 - 2011 ± U.S. Dep't of Justice, Antitrust Div., Sherman Act Violations Yielding a Corporate Fine of $10 Million or More Brent Snyder, Dep. Ass't Att'y Gen., Antitrust Div., U.S. Dep't of Justice, Individual Accountability for Antitrust Crimes, Remarks as Prepared for the Yale School of Management Global Antitrust Enforcement Conference, New Haven, CT (Feb. 19, 2016). Scott D. Hammond, Dep. Ass't Att'y Gen., Antitrust Div., U.S. Dep't of Justice, Detroit presentation (Feb. 15, 2013) Gregory J. Werden, Scott D. Hammond & Belinda A. Barnett, Deterrence and Detection of Cartels: Using All the Tools and Sanctions, Paper Delivered to the 26th Annual National Institute on White Collar Crime, Miami, FL (Mar. 1, 2012). ± Robert H. Lande & Joshua P. Davis, The Extraordinary Deterrence of Private Antitrust Enforcement: A Reply to Werden, Hammond & Barnett (Aug. 6, 2012). Gregory J. Werden, Scott D. Hammond & Belinda A. Barnett, Recidivism Eliminated: Cartel Enforcement in the United States since 1999, Paper Delivered Before the Before the: Georgetown Global Antitrust Enforcement Symposium, Washington, D.C. (Sept. 22, 2011). Scott D. Hammond, Dep. Ass't Att'y Gen., Antitrust Div., U.S. Dep't of Justice,The Evolution of Criminal Antitrust Enforcement over the Last Two Decades, Remarks Before the ABA Criminal Justice Section 24th Annual National Institute On White Collar Crime, Miami, Florida (Feb. 25, 2010). Scott D. Hammond, Dep. Ass't Att'y Gen., Antitrust Div., U.S. Dep't of Justice, Recent Developments, Trends, and Milestones in the Antitrust Division's Criminal Enforcement Program, Prepared Remarks Before the ABA Section of Antitrust Law Spring Meeting (Mar. 26, 2008) Belinda A. Barnett, Senior Counsel to the Dep. Ass't Att'y Gen. for Criminal Enforcement, Antitrust Div., U.S. Dep't of Justice, Criminalization of Cartel Conduct–The Changing Landscape, Remarks Before the Joint Federal Court of Australia/ Law Council of Australia (Business Law Section) Workshop (Apr. 3, 2009) Scott D. Hammond, Dep. Ass't Att'y Gen., Antitrust Div., U.S. Dep't of Justice, Charting New Waters in International Criminal Prosecutions, Address at the National Institute on White Collar Crime (Mar. 2, 2006) |
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Optimal deterrence theory |
± Joseph E. Harrington, Jr., When is an antitrust authority not aggressive enough in fighting cartels?, 7 Int'l J. Econ. Theory 39 (2011). ± William H. Page, Optimal Antitrust Remedies: A Synthesis (rev. June 11, 2012). ± Alberto Heimler & Kirtikumar Mehta, Violations of Antitrust Provisions:The Optimal Level of Fines for Achieving Deterrence, 35 World Competition 103 (2012). ± John M. Connor & Robert H. Lande, Optimal Cartel Deterrence: An Empirical Comparison of Sanctions To Overcharges (Sept. 19, 2011). ± Harold E. D. Houba, Evgenia Motchenkova & Quan Wen, Antitrust Enforcement and Marginal Deterrence (Tinbergen Institute Discussion Paper No. 11-166/1, Nov. 22, 2011). ± Douglas H. Ginsburg & Wright, Joshua D., Antitrust Sanctions, Competition Pol'y Int'l, Vol. 6, No. 2, Autumn 2010, at 3. ± Joseph E. Harrington, Jr., Comment on Antitrust Sanctions, Competition Pol'y Int'l, Vol. 6, No. 2, Autumn 2010, at 41. ± Robert H. Lande & Joshua P. Davis, Comparative Deterrence from Private Enforcement and Criminal Enforcement of the U.S. Antitrust Laws (Mar. 5, 2010). ± Emmanuel Combe & Constance Monnier, Fines Against Hard Core Cartels in Europe: The Myth of Over Enforcement (Cahiers de Recherche PRISM-Sorbonne Working Paper, June 8, 2009). ± R. Preston McAfee, Hugo M. Mialon & Sue H. Mialon, Private v. Public Antitrust Enforcement: A Strategic Analysis (Jan. 13, 2008), final version at 92 J. Pub. Econ. 1863 (2008). ± Ilya R. Segal & Michael D. Whinston, Public vs. Private Enforcement of Antitrust Law: A Survey (Stanford Law and Economics Olin Working Paper No. 335, Dec. 15, 2006). ± Wouter P. J. Wils, Optimal Antitrust Fines: Theory and Practice (____), final version at 29 World Competition ___ (June 2006). William M. Landes, Optimal Sanctions for Antitrust Violations, 50 U. Chi. L. Rev. 652 (1983). ± Gary Becker, Crime and Punishment: An Economic Approach, 76 J. Pol. Econ. 169(1968). |
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Employee participation in cartels |
Nicole Rosenboom, Career development after cartel prosecution (2011), final version at 8 J. Competition L. & Econ. 145 (2012) |
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Probability of detection |
± Ari Hyytinen, Frode Steen & Otto Toivanen, Cartels Uncovered (Mar. 11, 2011). ± Emmanuel Combe, Constance Monnier & Renaud Legal, Cartels: The Probability of Getting Caught in the European Union (Bruges European Economic Research Paper No. 12, Mar. 2008). Peter G Bryant & E. Woodrow Eckard, Price Fixing: The Probability of Getting Caught, 73 Rev. Econ. Statistics 531 (1991). |
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Recidivism |
± John M. Connor, Recidivism Revealed: Private International Cartels 1991-2009 (Sept. 25, 2010), final version at Competition Pol'y Int'l, Autumn 2010, at 101. ± Gregory J. Werden, Scott D. Hammond & Belinda A. Barnett, Recidivism Eliminated: Cartel Enforcement In The United States Since 1999, Paper Delivered at the Before the: Georgetown Global Antitrust Enforcement Symposium, Washington, D.C. (Sept. 22, 2011). |
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Trial practice |
± Robert H. Bunzel & Howard Miller, Defending “The Last Man Standing”: Trench Lessons from the 2008 Criminal Antitrust Trial United States v. Swanson, The Antitrust Source, June 2008, at 1. ± F. Joseph Warin, David P. Burns & John W.F. Chesley, To Plead or Not to Plead? Reviewing a Decade of Criminal Antitrust Trials, Antitrust Source, July 2006, at 1. |
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Criminal jury instructions |
ABA Section of Antitrust Law, Model Jury Instructions in Criminal Antitrust Cases (2009). ABA Section of Antitrust Law, Cartel and Criminal Practice Committee, Model Criminal Antitrust Jury Instructions web site (may require ABA Antitrust Section membership). |
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Criminal statute of limitations |
United States v. Kissel, 218 U.S. 601 (1910). |
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Enforceability of cooperation commitments |
± Stolt-Nielsen, S.A. v. United States, 442 F.3d 177 (3d Cir. 2006) (enforcement of immunity agreement under DOJ corporate leniency program) (± DOJ web page) ± Ed Magarian, William Michael Jr., Michael Lindsay & James Nichols, To Cooperate or Not: The Corporate Leniency Program After Stolt-Nielsen, Antitrust Source, Feb. 2008. ± Sarah Baumgartel, Nonprosecution Agreements as Contracts: Stolt-Nielsen and the Question of Remedy for a Prosecutor’s Breach, 2008 Wis. L. Rev. 25 (2008). |
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Plea bargaining |
± Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Directorate for Financial and Enterprise Affairs Competition Committee, Plea Bargaining/Settlement Of Cartel Cases (DAF/COMP(2007)38, Jan. 22, 2008). |
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Nolo pleas |
Indictment, United States v. Florida West Int'l Airways, Inc., No. 10-cr-20864 (S.D. Fla. Dec. 2, 2010) (DOJ news release) Docket sheet (downloaded July 19, 2012) Defendant Florida West’s Motion for Consent to Enter Plea of Nolo Contendere (Apr. 27, 2012) (Exhibit 1) Government’s Opposition to Defendant Florida West’s Motion to Enter a Plea of Nolo Contendere (May 10. 2012) Florida West’s Reply to Government’s Opposition to Consent to Enter Plea of Nolo Contendere (May 21, 2012) Oral argument (June 2, 2012) Order Setting Change of Plea Hearing (July 3, 2012) Notice of Filing (July 6, 2012) Exhibit 1: Corporate Resolution Of Florida West International Airways. Inc. Government’s Motion for Clarification on Pending Matters Related to the Defendant’s Motion to Enter a Nolo Contendere Plea (July 17, 2012) United States’ Notice of the Maximum Penalties (July 17, 2012) Florida West’s Response to Government’s Motion for Clarification (July 18, 2012) Order Granting Florida West’s Motion for Consent Enter Plea of Nolo Contendere (July 20, 2012) |
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Economics of leniency policies |
± Catarina Marvão & Giancarlo Spagnolo, What Do We Know about the Effectiveness of Leniency Policies? A Survey of the Empirical and Experimental Evidence (Oct. 2014). ± Joan-Ramon Borrell, Juan Luis Jiménez & Carmen García, Evaluating Antitrust Leniency Programs (Oct. 2012), final version at 10 J. Competition L. & Econ. 107 (2014). ± Joseph Harrington, Corporate Leniency Programs when Firms have Private Information: The Push of Prosecution and the Pull of Pre-Emption, 61 J. Indus. Econ. 1 (2013). Zhijun Chen & Patrick Rey. On the Design of Leniency Programs, 56 J.L. & Econ. 917 (2013) (± working paper) ± Joseph E. Harrington, Jr. & Myong-Hun Chang, Endogenous Antitrust Enforcement in the Presence of a Corporate Leniency Program (Nov. 30, 2012). ± Jun Zhou, Evaluating Leniency and Modeling Cartel Durations: Time-Varying Policy Impacts and Sample Selection (rev. Oct. 05, 2011). ± Myong-Hun Chang & Joseph E. Harrington, Jr., The Impact of a Corporate Leniency Program on Antitrust Enforcement and Cartelization (rev. Apr. 2010). Nathan H. Miller, Strategic Leniency and Cartel Enforcement (Nov. 2007) (shorter version published at 99 Am. Econ. Rev. 750 (2009)). Michele Polo & Massimo Motta, Leniency Programs, in 3 Issues In Competition Law and Policy 2219 (ABA Section of Antitrust Law 2008). ± Joseph E. Harrington, Jr., Optimal Corporate Leniency Programs (rev. July 2005), final version at 56 J. Indus. Econ. 215 (2008). ± Christopher R. Leslie, Cartels, Agency Costs, and Finding Virtue in Faithless Agents, 49 Wm. & Mary L. Rev. 1621 (2008). ± Jeroen Hinloopen & Adriaan R. Soetevent, From Overt to Tacit Collusion: Experimental Evidence on the Adverse Effects of Corporate Leniency Programs (May 2008). Giancarlo Spagnolo, Leniency and Whistleblowers in Antitrust, in Handbook of Antitrust Economics (Paolo Buccirossi ed., 2008). ± Zhijun Chen & Patrick Rey, On the Design of Leniency Programs (Apr. 2007). Joe Chen & Joseph E. Harrington, The Impact of the Corporate Leniency Program on Cartel Formation and the Cartel Price Path, in The Political Economy of Antitrust (Vivek Ghosal & John Stennek eds., 2007) (± working paper) ± Cécile Aubert, Patrick Rey & William E. Kovacic, The Impact of Leniency and Whistleblowing Programs on Cartels, 24 Int'l J. Indus. Org. 1241 (2006) (preprint). ± Wouter P.J. Wils, Leniency in Antitrust Enforcement: Theory and Practice, 30 World Competition: L. & Econ. 25 (March 2007). |
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Leniency and multimarket collusion |
± Yassine Lefouili & Catherine Roux, Leniency Programs for Multimarket Firms: The Effect of Amnesty Plus on Cartel Formation (Core Discussion Paper No. 2010/21, May 2010) ± Catherine Roux & Thomas von Ungern-Sternberg, Leniency Programs in a Multimarket Setting: Amnesty Plus and Penalty Plus (May 2007). |
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ACPERA |
Oracle America, Inc. v. Micron Tech., Inc., No. 10-cv-04340-PJH (N.D. Cal. Sept. 16, 2011) (reported at 2011 WL 4352314) (holding that application of ACPERA's civil damages limitation did not have impermissible retroactive effect in the circumstances of the case) Docket sheet (downloaded Jan. 12, 2012) Complaint (Sept. 24, 2010) Plaintiff Oracle America, Inc.’s Notice of Motion and Motion to Strike the Twenty-First Affirmative Defense Asserted In Defendants’ Amended Answer (May 9, 2011) (Declaration) (Exhibit 1) (Exhibit 2) Defendants’ Opposition to Plaintiff’s Motion to Strike Affirmative Defense No. 21 (June 10, 2011) (Declaration) (Exhibit A) (Exhibit B) (Exhibit C) (Exhibit D) Plaintiff Oracle America, Inc.’s Reply in Further Support of its Motion to Strike Micron’s Twenty-First Affirmative Defense (June 24, 2011) (Declaration) (Exhibit A) (Exhibit B) (Exhibit C) Order Denying Motion To Strike Affirmative Defense (Sept. 16, 2011)
In re Air Cargo Shipping Servs. Antitrust Litig., MDL No. 1775, 2009 WL 3077396 (E.D.N.Y. Sept. 25, 2009) Order Denying Direct Purchaser Plaintiffs’ Motion To Compel Amnesty Application Defendant To Comply With ACPERA, In re TFT-LCD (Flat Panel) Antitrust Litig., No. M 07-1827 SI (N.D. Cal. 2009) (reported as 618 F. Supp. 2d 1194) (finding that ACPERA did not authorize court to compel an amnesty applicant to identify itself and cooperate with civil antitrust plaintiffs)
In re Municipal Derivatives Antitrust Litig., 252 F.R.D. 184 (S.D.N.Y. 2008)
Chemtura’s Motion for a Finding of “Satisfactory Cooperation” and Limitation of Damages Pursuant to the Antitrust Criminal Penalty Enhancement and Reform Act of 2004, In re Urethane Antitrust Litig. (Polyester Polyol), Civ. No. 04-md-01616-JWL (D. Kan. filed June 22, 2007) Minute Entry (Oct. 19, 2007) (denying as Chemtura's motion as moot in light of settlement)
Memorandum Opinion and Order, In re Sulfuric Acid Antitrust Litig., No. 1:03-cv-04576 (N.D. Ill. Aug. 26, 2005) (reported at 231 F.R.D. 320) Docket sheet (downloaded Apr. 9, 2010) Marsulex, Inc. and Chemtrade Logistics (U.S.), Inc.'s Memorandum of Law in Support of Their Agreed Motion for a Finding of “Satisfactory Cooperation” and Limitation of Damages Pursuant to the Antitrust Criminal Enhancement and Reform Act of 2004 (June 30, 2005) (Motion) |
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Individual sentencing |
Information, United States v. Cohen, No. 1:18-cr-00850-WHP (S.D.N.Y. filed Aug. 21, 2018) Plea Agreement (Nov. 29, 2018) Sentencing Memorandum on Behalf of Michael Cohen, United States v. Cohen, No. 1:18-cr-00850-WHP (S.D.N.Y. filed Nov. 30, 2018) Michael Flynn Information, United States v. Flynn, No. 1:17-cr-00232-EGS (D.D.C. filed Nov. 30, 2017) Plea Agreement (Nov. 30, 2017) Government’s Memorandum in Aid of Sentencing, United States v. Flynn, No. 1:17-cr-00232-EGS (D.D.C. filed Dec. 4, 2018) |
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Criminal fines |
United States' Sentencing Memorandum re Eagle Eyes and E-Lite, United States v. Eagle Eyes Traffic Indus. Co., No. CR-11-0488 RS (N.D. Cal. filed Oct. 10, 2012) Superceding Indictment (Nov. 30, 2011) |
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Corporate probation |
± 18 U.S.C. § 3561 (sentence of probation) U.S. Sentencing Comm'n, U.S. Sentencing Guidelines Manual § 8D (rev. Nov. 1, 2011) (Organizational Probation) See 18 U.S.C. § 3561 (Sentence of probation); § 3565 (revocation of probation) Defendants Eagle Eyes’ and E-Lite’s Reply to United States’ Sentencing Memorandum and Supplemental Declaration of Kenneth B. Julian in Support Thereof, United States v. Eagle Eyes Traffic Indus. Co., No. CR-11-0488 RS (N.D. Cal. filed Oct. 12, 2012) |
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Nonprosecution agreements |
Letter from Sharis A. Pozen, Acting Ass't Att'y Gen., U.S. Dept. of Justice Antitrust Div., to Karen Patton Seymour, Sullivan & Cromwell LLP (Dec. 8, 2011) (regarding Wachovia nonprosecution agreement in the municipal bonds investigation) Letter from Christine A. Varney, Ass't Att'y Gen., U.S. Dept. of Justice Antitrust Div., to Kenneth A. Gallo, Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison LLP (May 4, 2011) (regarding UBS non-prosecution agreement in the municipal bonds investigation) Letter from Christine A. Varney, Ass't Att'y Gen., U.S. Dept. of Justice Antitrust Div., to Thomas Mueller, Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr (Jul. 6, 2011) (regarding JPMorgan non-prosecution agreement in the municipal bonds investigation) Letter from Niall Lynch, Ass't Chief, San Francisco Field Office, U.S. Dept. of Justice Antitrust Div., to Robert B. Pringle, Thelen Reid & Priest LLP (Jan. 20, 2006) (regarding NEC's non-prosecution agreement in the DRAM investigation) U.S. Government Accountability Office, Corporate Crime: DOJ Has Taken Steps to Better Track Its Use of Deferred and Non-Prosecution Agreements, but Should Evaluate Effectiveness (GAO-10-110, Dec. 2009). |
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Deferred prosecution agreements |
Information, United States. v. Argos USA LLC, No. 4:21-cr-00002-RSB-CLR (S.D. Ga. filed Jan. 4, 2021) Docket sheet (downloaded Jan. 26, 2021) Press Release, U.S. Dep't of Justice, Antitrust Div., Ready-Mix Concrete Company Admits to Fixing Prices and Rigging Bids in Violation of Antitrust Laws (Jan. 4, 2021) Deferred Prosecution Agreement (Jan. 4, 2021) ± Vinson & Elkins LLP, DOJ Announces Concrete Company’s Deferred Prosecution Agreement: Are Effective Antitrust Compliance Programs Really Less Important Now? Unlikely (Jan. 26, 2021) |
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Restitution and crime victim's rights |
± DOJ web site on victims' rights ± Victim and Witness Protection Act of 1982, Pub. L. No. 97- 291, 96 Stat. 1248 (1982) (codified as amended at 18 U.S.C. § 3663). Crime Victims' Rights Act (CVRA), 18 U.S.C. § 3771 U.S. Sentencing Comm'n, U.S. Sentencing Guidelines Manual § 5E (rev. Nov. 1, 2011) (Restitution, Fines, Assessments, Forfeitures) ± United States’ and Defendant Polo Shu-Sheng Hsu’s Joint Sentencing Memorandum, United States v. Polo Hsu, No. 11-cr-0061 (N.D. Cal. Mar. 15, 2011) (explaining that restitution was not sought because the private case ‘‘potentially provide[s] for a recovery of a multiple of actual damages.’’) (docket sheet) (± DOJ web site) |
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—Elna |
Information, United States v. Elna Co., NO. CR16-365JD (N.D. Cal. filed Aug. 22, 2018) Docket sheet (downloaded Feb. 28, 2018) United States’ Sentencing Memorandum, Motion for Departure, and Request for Expedited Sentencing (June 6, 2017; redacted version filed June 6, 2017) United States’ Supplemental Sentencing Memorandum (Sept. 6, 2017) Transcript (Oct. 11, 2017) (plea hearing) Plea Agreement (Oct. 12, 2017) (executed by the DOJ on October 10, 2017) United States’ Second Supplemental Sentencing Memorandum (Jan. 17, 2018) Letter to Judge Donato from Joseph R. Saveri (Jan. 29, 2018) (representing direct victims) Letter to Judge Donato from Thomas Mueller (Jan. 30, 2018) (representing Elna) Transcript (Jan. 31, 2018) (sentencing hearing on restitution) Judgment in a Criminal Case (Feb. 12, 2018) |
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—Samsung |
Order Requesting Sentencing Information, United States v. Samsung SDI Co., No. 11-cr-00162 (N.D. Cal. May 18, 2011) (requiring the probation officer to "do a full analysis of potential restitution and where the civil case stands" and to interview counsel in the civil litigation on the restitution issue) Samsung SDI Co., Ltd.'s Sentencing Memorandum (Aug. 8, 2011) United States’ Sentencing Memorandum (Aug. 8, 2011) Transcript (Aug. 16, 2011) Judgment in a Criminal Case (Aug. 19, 2011) (declining to order restitution because ‘‘over 40 separate civil cases filed on behalf of direct and/or indirect purchasers have been coordinated and [are] pending’’) |
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—Arctic Glacier |
Information, United States v. Arctic Glacier Int'l, Inc., 1:09 CR 149 (S.D. Ohio filed Sept. 10, 2009 ) (unsealed Oct. 13, 2009) (± DOJ web page) Plea agreement (Oct. 13, 2009) Motion to Establish Procedure for Crime Victim Notification (Oct. 23, 2009) Order (Nov. 12, 2009) (denying the request to deem any individuals to be "crime victims" under the Crime Victims' Rights Act pending investigation by the United States Probation Department and granting the request for postponement of the arraignment) (Dkt. No. 25) Victims' Objections to Plea Agreement and Request that It Be Rejected (Feb. 1, 2010) Exhibit A: Letter to Laura Jensen, United States Probation Officer Transcript of Sentencing Hearing (Feb. 11, 2010) Minute Order (Feb. 11, 2010) (sentencing defendant)) (Dkt. No. 39) Transcript (Feb. 16, 2010) Notice of Appeal (Feb. 18, 2010) Petition for a Writ of Mandamus Pursuant to the Crime Victims' Rights Act, 18 U.S.C. § 3771(d)(3), In re Acker, No.10-3159 (6th Cir. filed Feb. 18, 2010) Docket sheet (downloaded June 17, 2012) Answer of the United States of America to Petition for Writ of Mandamus (Feb. 19, 2010) Order, In re Acker, No. 10-3159 (6th Cir. Feb. 22, 2010) (denying petition for a writ of mandamus and granting motion to dismiss appeal) (finding that the district court reasonably concluded that the difficulty of determining the losses for purposes of restitution claimed would so prolong and complicate the proceedings that any need for restitution would be outweighed by the burden on the sentencing process) (reported as 596 F.3d 370) Judgment in a Criminal Case (Mar. 3, 2010) Petition for a Writ of Mandamus Pursuant to the Crime Victim's Rights Act, 18 U.S.C. § 3771(d)(3), In re Martin McNulty, No. 10-3201 (6th Cir. filed Feb. 24, 2010) Docket sheet (downloaded June 17, 2012) Answer of the United States of America to Petition for Writ of Mandamus (Feb. 26, 2010) Reply in Support of Petition for a Writ of Mandamus Pursuant to the Crime Victim’s Rights Act, 18 U.S.C. § 3771(D)(3) (Feb. 26, 2010) Opinion, In re Martin McNulty, No. 10-3201 (6th Cir. Mar. 1, 2010) (reported as 597 F.3d 344) |
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—Commentary |
U.S. Dep't of Justice, Antitrust Div., Press Release, Bank of America Agrees to Pay $137.3 Million in Restitution to Federal and State Agencies as a Condition of the Justice Department’s Antitrust Corporate Leniency Program (Dec. 7, 2010) ± Jay L. Himes & Seth R. Gassman, No Rest(itution) for the Weary: Crime Victims and Treble Damages in Antitrust Cases, Antitrust & Trade Regulation Report, 101 ATRR 634 (Nov. 11, 2011). ± John M. Majoras & Eric P. Enson, The Crime Victims’ Rights Act: Its Impact on Plea Negotiations with the Antitrust Division, Antitrust Source, Dec. 2010, at 1. |
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Obstruction of justice |
18 U.S.C. § 1503 ± U.S. Dep't of Justice, Antitrust Div., Grand Jury Manual ch. VIII.B (obstruction of justice) Information, United States v. Pool Fish Distribs. Inc, Crim. No. 1:04 CR 521 (N.D. Ohio filed Oct. 19, 2004) (news release) Plea agreement (Dec. 2, 2004) Information, United States v. Censullo, CR 03 0368 PJH (N.D. Cal. filed Dec. 17, 2003) (news release) Plea agreement (Dec. 21, 2003) |
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Tax treatment of criminal fines |
± 26 U.S.C. § 162(f) ("No deduction shall be allowed under subsection (a) 0deduction for business expenses] for any fine or similar penalty paid to a government for the violation of any law.") |
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Extradition |
U.S. Dep't of Justice, Press Release, First Ever Extradition on Antitrust Charge (Apr. 4, 2014) Indictment, United States v. Pisciotti, No. 0:10-cr-60232-JIC-1 (S.D. Fla. Mar. 28, 2011) Docket sheet (downloaded Apr. 4, 2014) Report Commencing Criminal Action (Apr. 4, 2014) Plea Agreement (Apr. 24, 2014) Second Superseding Indictment, United States v. Norris, Crim. No. 03-632 (E.D. Pa. filed Sept. 28, 2004) Docket sheet (downloaded Sept. 1, 2011) Ian P. Norris’s Motion for Acquittal or, in the Alternative, for a New Trial (Aug. 13, 2010) Memorandum In Support of Ian P. Norris’s Motion for Acquittal or, in the Alternative, for a New Trial (Aug. 13, 2010) Government's Response in Opposition to Defendant's Motion for Acquittal or, in the Alternative, for a New Trial (Sept. 2, 2010) (exhibits) Reply Memorandum In Support of Ian P. Norris’s Motion for Acquittal or, in the Alternative, for a New Trial (Oct. 13, 2010) (exhibit) Memorandum Order (Dec. 1, 2010) (denying defendant's motion) Government's Sentencing Memorandum (Dec. 3, 2010) (exhibits) Judgment in a Criminal Case (Dec. 13, 2010) (finding Norris guilty of conspiracy to obstruct justice under 18 U.S.C. § 371) (DOJ press release) On appeal: Brief for Appellant Ian P. Norris (Jan. 21, 2011) Brief for the United States (Feb. 11, 2011) Reply Brief For Appellant Ian P. Norris (Feb. 25, 2011) Opinion, United States v. Norris, No. 10-4658 (3d Cir. Mar. 23, 2011) Third Circuit docket sheet (downloaded Mar. 17, 2011) Norris v. United States, [2008] A.C. __ (H.L.) (criminal appeal from High Court of Justice) (denying extradition of UK national to the United States on price-fixing charges since at the time of the conduct price fixing was not a criminal offense in the UK. The alleged price-fixing cartel ended in 2000. Two years later, the Enterprise Act of 2002 made price fixing a criminal offense in the United Kingdom for the first time) ± Russell Hotten, Ian Norris wins appeal against US extradition, Telegraph.com.uk, Mar. 12, 2008 Norris v. United States, [2010] UKSC 9 (upholding order of extradition on charges of obstruction of justice) Commentary—Extradition: Michael D. Goldhaber, Bully Pulpit: Vacuum Cleaner Justice, American Lawyer.com (July 1, 2010) Commentary—Privilege: ± Sue Reisinger, Case of Imprisoned British Exec Ian Norris Carries Major Privilege Implications, Law.com Corporate Counsel (Jan. 21, 2011) |
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Travel restrictions |
± Jason Brown, Mark S. Popofsky & Anthony Biagioli, Restraining Liberty before a Verdict is in Sight, Global Competition Rev., May 2011, at 36. |
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Detention pending appeal |
United States v. Chen, No. 12-10493 (9th Cir. ____). Docket sheet (downloaded Jan. 9, 2013) Order Re: Self Surrender (Hui Hsiung and Hsuan Bin Chen) (N.D. Cal. Dec. 5, 2012). Motion for Release Pending Appeal (Nov. 26, 2013) Opposition of the United States of America to Defendants Hui Hsiung and Hsuan Bin Chen's Motions for Bail Pending Appeal (Dec. 10, 2012) Order (Dec. 21, 2012) (consolidating cases) Order Stating Reasons for Denying Defendants’ Motions for Bail Pending Appeal (N.D. Cal. Dec. 21, 2012) Supplemental Memorandum in Support of Motion for Release Pending Appeal (Dec. 31, 2012). Defendant Hui Hsiung’s Supplemental Memorandum in Support of Motion for Bail Pending Appeal (Dec. 31, 2012) Supplemental Opposition of the United States of America to Defendants Hui Hsiung and Hsuan Bin Chen’s Motions for Bail Pending Appeal (Jan. 7, 2013) |
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Equitable relief in DOJ cases–disgorgement |
Memorandum and Order, United States v. Keyspan Corp., No. 10-1415 (WHP) (Feb. 2, 2011) (entering consent decree requiring disgorgement) Docket sheet (downloaded Feb. 3, 2011) Complaint (Feb. 2, 2010) Plaintiff United States's Response to Public Comments (June 11, 2010) AARP comments Notice of Amended Stipulation (June 17, 2010) United States's Motion and Supporting Memorandum to Enter Final Judgment (July 20, 2010) (proposed final judgment) United States's Submission of Declaration of Oliver M. Richard in Support of Its Motion to Enter Final Judgment (Oct. 26, 2010) (Richard declaration) Memorandum and Order (Feb. 2, 2010) Complaint, United States v. Morgan Stanley, No. 11-cv-6875 (S.D.N.Y. filed Sept. 30, 2011) (DOJ press release). Stipulation by the United States and Morgan Stanley (Sept. 30, 2011) [Proposed] Final Judgment (Sept. 30, 2011) Competitive Impact Statement (Sept. 30, 2011) Plaintiff United States' Explanation of Consent Decree Procedures (Sept. 30, 2011) Response of Plaintiff United States to Public Comments on the Proposed Final Judgment (Mar. 6, 2012) Attachment 1 - Comments of the Public Service Commission of the State of New York (Dec. 30, 2011) Opinion (Aug. 7, 2012) (entering final judgment) |
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Case studies |
Gilbert Geis, White Collar Crime: The Heavy Electrical Equipment Antitrust Case of 1961, in Criminal Behavior Systems: A Typology 139 (Marshall Barron Clinard & Richard Quinney eds., 1967) |
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International cartel enforcement |
Simon J. Evenett, Margaret C. Levenstein & Valerie Y. Suslow, International Cartel Enforcement: Lessons from the 1990s (University of Massachusetts - Amherst, Economics Department Working Paper No. 89, July 11, 2001), final version at 24 The World Economy 1221 (2001). |
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Mail and wire fraud |
United States v. Fenzl, No. 11-2459 (7th Cir. 2012) (reported at 670 F.3d 778) (order correcting opinion) (± oral argument) |
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Non-U.S. prosecution |
U.K. Office of Fair Trading, OFT's Guidance as to the Appropriate Amount of a Penalty (Sept. 10, 2012) (± OFT press release). |
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Case StudiesDaVita (2021) |
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DaVita (2021) |
Indictment, United States v. DaVita, Inc., No. 1:21-cr-00229-RBJ (D. Colo. filed July 14, 2021) (charging DaVita and CEO Kent Thiry) Press Release, U.S. Dep't of Justice, Antitrust Div., DaVita Inc. and Former CEO Indicted in Ongoing Investigation of Labor Market Collusion in Health Care Industry (July 15, 2021) Docket sheet (downloaded April 16, 2022) Discovery Conference Memorandum and Order (July 20, 2021) Defendants’ Joint Motion to Dismiss (Sept. 14, 2021) Brief of Amicus Curiae National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers in Support of Defendants’ Joint Motion to Dismiss (Sept. 22, 2021) Brief of Amicus Curiae Colorado Chamber of Commerce Supporting Defendants’ Joint Motion to Dismiss Indictment (Sept. 30, 2021) Brief of Amicus Curiae Chamber of Commerce of the United States Supporting Defendants’ Joint Motion to Dismiss Indictment (Oct. 20, 2021) United States’ Opposition to Defendants’ Joint Motion to Dismiss (Oct. 19, 2021) Defendants’ Joint Reply in Support of Motion to Dismiss (Nov. 2, 2021) Order Denying Defendants’ Motion to Dismiss (Jan. 28, 2022) Indictment, United States v. DaVita, Inc., No. 1:21-cr-00229-RBJ (D. Colo. filed Nov. 3, 2021) (superceding indictment) Defendants’ Joint Renewed Motion to Dismiss (Nov. 10, 2021) United States’ Notice of Additional Authority (Nov. 18, 2021) Defendants’ Joint Response to the Government’s Notice of Additional Authority (Nov. 18, 2021) Oral argument (transcript) (Nov. 19, 2021) United States’ Notice of Additional Authority (Nov. 30, 2021) Defendants’ Joint Response to the Government’s Notice of Additional Authority (Dec. 2, 2021) United States’ Motion to Exclude Defendants’ Expert (Dec. 17, 2021) Exhibit 1. Expert disclosure (Dr. Pierre-Yves Cremieux, Analysis Group) Defendants’ Joint Opposition to the Division’s Motion to Exclude Expert Testimony and to Order New Expert Disclosure for Non-Excluded Testimony (Jan. 14, 2022) Order on Pending Motions (Mar. 21, 2022) (denying motion without prejudice) Joint Set of Proposed Final Jury Instructions (Feb. 22, 2022) Joint Stipulation Regarding Jury Instructions (Mar. 15, 2022) Order Resolving Disputes on Proposed Jury Instructions (Mar. 25, 2022) Revised Joint Set of Proposed Final Jury Instructions (Apr. 3, 2022) United States’ Motion for a Jury Instruction (Apr. 6, 2022) Defendants’ Opposition to the United States’ Motion for a Curative Instruction (Apr. 6, 2022) Defendants’ Response to the Court's Proposed Market Allocation Jury Instruction (Apr. 8, 2022) Exhibit A. Proposals United States’ Reply to Defendants’ Response to the Court’s Proposed Market Allocation Jury Instruction (Apr. 10, 2022) Jury Instructions (April 13, 2022) (as given to the jury) Order finding as moot Motion to Supplement Jury Instruction as to DaVita Inc. (Apr. 15, 2022) (docket entry only) Order on Pending Motions (Mar. 21, 2022) Exhibit 1. Juror Questionnaire United States’ Motion for a Daubert Hearing and to Exclude Certain Opinions (Mar. 24, 2022) Defendants’ Joint Opposition to the Government’s Renewed Motion to Exclude Expert Testimony (Mar. 29, 2022) Trial—Day 1 (Apr. 4, 2022) Verdict (Apr. 15, 2022) (not guilty on all counts--after two days of deliberations) |
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Jindal/Rogers
(2020) |
Indictment, United States v. Jindal, No. 4:20-cr-00358-ALM-KPJ (E.D. Tex. filed Dec. 9, 2020) Docket sheet (downloaded May 14, 2022) First Superseding Indictment (Apr. 15, 2021) (charging owner Neeraj Jindal and clinical director John Rodgers with wage price-fixing and Jindal alone with obstruction) News Release, U.S. Dep't of Justice, Former Health Care Staffing Company Executives Charged in Superseding Indictment with Wage Fixing and Obstruction (Apr. 19, 2021) Defendant Neeraj Jindal’s Motion To Dismiss Count One of the First Superseding Indictment (May 25, 2021) United States’ Response in Opposition to Defendant Neeraj Jindal’s Motion To Dismiss Count One of the First Superseding Indictment (June 22, 2021) Defendant Neeraj Jindal’s Reply in Support of Motion To Dismiss Count One of the First Superseding Indictment (July 6, 2021) Memorandum Opinion and Order (Nov. 29, 2021) (denying motions to dismiss) Motion To Dismiss the Superseding Indictment (June 18, 2021) (filed by Rodgers) United States’ Response in Opposition to Defendant John Rodgers’ Motion To Dismiss the Superseding Indictment (July 16, 2021) Defendant Rodgers’s Reply to United States Response in Oppostion to Defendant John Rodgers’ Motion To Dismiss the Superseding Indictment (July 30, 2021) Memorandum Opinion and Order (Nov. 29, 2021) (denying motions to dismiss) Defendant Neeraj Jindal’s Motion and Incorporated Memorandum for a Bill of Particulars (Aug. 20, 2021) United States’ Response in Opposition to Defendant Neeraj Jindal’s Motion for a Bill of Particulars (Sept. 3, 2021) Defendant Neeraj Jindal’s Reply in Support of Motion for Bill of Particulars (Sept. 10, 2021) Order (Apr. 1, 2022) (denying motion) Joint Proposed Jury Instructions (Mar. 28, 2022) (proposed by all parties) Defendants’ Additional Proposed Jury Instructions and Objections to Government’s Additional Proposed Jury Instructions (Mar. 28, 2022) United States’ Objections to Defendants’ Proposed Jury Instructions (Mar. 29, 2022) Jury Instructions (Apr. 14, 2022) (as provided by the court) United States’ Motion To Quash Defendant Rodgers’s Subpoenas for Testimony by Current and Former U.S. Department of Justice Attorneys (Mar. 31, 2022) Memorandum Opinion and Order (Apr. 8, 2022) (granting motion to quash) United States’ Trial Brief (Mar. 28, 2022) Eight-day trial (___ - April 14, 2022) Verdict of the Jury (Apr. 14, 2022) (Jindal: not guility of Sherman Act violation, guilty of obstruction) Judgment of Acquittal (Apr. 18, 2022) (Rodgers) Defendant Neeraj Jindal’s Motion for Judgment of Acquittal or for New Trial (May 16, 2022) United States’ Response in Opposition to Defendant Neeraj Jindal’s Motion for Judgment of Acquittal or for New Trial (May 31, 2022) |
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Packaged Seafood: Starkist Co. (2018)See Packaged Seafood: Bumble Bee Foods (2016)
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Information, United States v. Starkist Co., No. 3:18-cr-00513-EMC (N.D. Cal. filed Oct. 18, 2018) Docket sheet (downloaded Sept. 27, 2019) Plea agreement (dated Oct. 2, 2018; filed Nov. 14, 2018) United States’ Sentencing Memorandum (May 15, 2019) (redacted) Starkist Co.’s Response to United States of America’s Sentencing Memorandum (May 29, 2019) (redacted) Starkist Co.’s Sentencing Memorandum and Request for Evidentiary Hearing (May 15, 2019) (redacted) United States’ Response to Starkist’s Sentencing Memorandum (May 29, 2019) (redacted) Sentencing hearing transcript (June 12, 2019) Joint Statement Regarding Sentencing (Sept. 4, 2019) (redacted) Starkist Co.’s Memorandum of Points and Authorities Regarding Techpack Solutions Co., Ltd. (July 3, 2019) (redacted) United States’ Response to Starkist’s Memorandum Regarding Techpack Solutions Co., Ltd. (July 17, 2019) (redacted) Starkist Co.’s Reply to United States’ Response to Starkist’s Memorandum Regarding Techpack Solutions Co., Ltd. (Aug. 2, 2019) (redacted) Judgment in a Criminal Case (Sept. 12, 2019) |
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Packaged Seafood: Lischewski (CEO Bumble Bee) (2018) |
N.D. Cal. Indictment, United States v. Lischewski, No. 3:18-cr-00203-RS (N.D. Cal. filed May 16, 2018) Press Release, U.S. Dept;t of Justice, Antitrust Div., Bumble Bee CEO Indicted for Price Fixing (May 16, 2018) Docket sheet (downloaded Dec. 21, 2022) Defendant Christopher Lischewski’s Trial Memorandum Regarding the Alleged Agreement between Lischewski and Chan (Nov. 25, 2019) [ECF No. 603] United States’ Opposition to Defendant’s Rule 29 Motion and Request for Additional Jury Instructions and Special Verdict Form (Nov. 26, 2019)
Final Jury Instructions (Dec. 2, 2019) Verdict Form (Dec. 3, 2019) Press Release, U.S. Dept;t of Justice, Antitrust Div., Former CEO Convicted of Fixing Prices for Canned Tuna (Dec. 3, 2019) Defendant Christopher Lischewski’s Notice of Motion and Renewed Motion for Judgment of Acquittal under Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 29 (Jan. 13, 2020) (moving for a judgment of acquittal at the end of the government's case in chief) [Proposed] Order Granting Renewed Motion for Judgment of Acquittal under Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 29 (Jan. 13, 2020) Order Denying Defendant’s Rule 29 Motion for Acquittal (Mar. 24, 2020) United States’ Sentencing Memorandum (May 13, 2020) Defendant Christopher Lischewski’s Response to the Government’s Sentencing Memorandum (June 27, 2020) Defendant Christopher Lischewski’s Corrected Sentencing Memorandum and Motion for Downward Departure (original: May 13, 2020; corrected: June 1, 2020) United States’s Response to Defendant’s Sentencing Memorandum, Objections to the Final Presentence Report, and Motion for Departure (May 27, 2020) Criminal Minutes (June 3, 2020) (re hearing on Sentencing Guidelines' calculations) (transcript) Order Overruling Defendant's Objection to Victim Statements at Sentencing (June 15, 2020) Sentencing Hearing Transcript (June 16, 2020) Press Release, U.S. Dept;t of Justice, Antitrust Div., Former Bumble Bee CEO Sentenced to Prison for Fixing Prices of Canned Tuna (June 16, 2020) Judgment in a Criminal Case (June 30, 2020) Notice of Appeal (June 30, 2020)
Ninth Circuit United States v. Lischewsk, No. 20-10211 (9th Cir. docketed July 1, 2020) Docket sheet (downloaded December 21, 2022)
Brief for Appellant (Sept. 25, 2020) Answering Brief for the United States (Dec. 28, 2020) Reply Brief for Appellant (Jan. 19, 2021) ± Oral Argument (June 16, 2021) (video) Memorandum Opinion (July 7, 2021) Mandate (July 29, 2021)
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FX: Aiyer |
S.D.N.Y. Indictment, United States v. Aiyers, No. 1:18-cr-00333-JGK (S.D.N.Y. filed May 10, 2018) Press Release, U.S. Dept. of Justice, Antitrust Div., Former Currency Trader Indicted for Participating in Antitrust Conspiracy (May 10, 2018) Docket sheet (downloaded May 26, 2022) Arraignment transcript (May 15, 2018) Order (May 15, 2018) (setting bail conditions) Appearance Bond/Order Setting Conditions of Release (May 15, 2020) Notice of Motion To Dismiss the Indictment as Impermissibly Duplicitous (Mar. 22, 2019) Memorandum of Law in Support of Defendant’s Motion To Dismiss the Indictment as Impermissibly Duplicitous (Mar. 22, 2019) Notice of Motion To Dismiss the Indictment in Part for Failure To Allege a Crime (Mar. 22, 2019) Memorandum of Law in Support of Defendant’s Motion To Dismiss the Indictment in Part for Failure To Allege a Crime (Mar. 22, 2019) The United States’ Omnibus Memorandum of Law in Opposition to Defendant’s Motions To Dismiss the Indictment (Apr. 19, 2022) Reply Memorandum of Law in Support of Defendant’s Motions To Dismiss (May 3, 2019) Motion To Dismiss Hearing transcript (June 3, 2019) Opinion and Order (Jan. 13, 2020) (regarding allegations of juror misconduct) Order (Jan. 15, 2020) (amending one sentence of opinion) Amended Opinion and Order (Jan. 15, 2020) Trial (conducted on various days between Oct. 30, 2019 and Nov. 20, 2019) Trial transcript (Nov. 20, 2019) (containing jury instructions; jury rendered a verdict of guilty)
Notice of Defendant’s Motion for a Judgment of Acquittal or, in the Alternative, for the Declaration of a Mistrial or a New Trial (Dec. 20, 2019) Hearing transcript (Feb. 12, 2020) Opinion and Order (July 6, 2020) (denying motion) Sentencing Memorandum on Behalf of Akshay Aiyer (Apr. 6, 2020) Sentencing hearing transcript (Sept. 21, 2020) Judgment in a Criminal Case (Oct. 2, 2020) Notice of the United States’ Motion to Unseal (Nov. 25, 2020) United States’ Memorandum of Law in Support of its Motion To Unseal Redacted Documents Related to Alleged Juror Misconduct (Nov. 25, 2020) Order Regarding the United States’ Motion to Unseal (Nov. 25, 2020) Notice of Appeal (Oct. 16, 2020) Memorandum Opinion and Order (Nov. 12, 2020) (denying motion for bail pending appeal of conviction)
Second Circuit United States v. Aiyer, No. 20-3594 (2d Cir. docketed Oct. 16, 2020) Docket sheet (downloaded May 26, 2022) Order (Dec. 2, 2020) (granting bail pending appeal) Brief and Special Appendix for Defendant-Appellant (Jan. 29, 2021) Brief of Appellee United States of America (Apr. 30, 2021) Reply Brief for Defendant-Appellant (May 21, 2021) Opinion (May 2, 2022) (affirming conviction) Judgment (May 2, 2022) Mandate (May 23, 2022) |
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Capacitors: Matsuo |
Information, United States v. Matsuo Elec. Co., No. 3:17-cr-00073-RS (N.D. Cal. filed Feb. 8, 2017) Docket sheet (downloaded Dec. 10, 2017) Plea agreement (dated Feb. 7, 2017; filed Oct. 26, 2017) United States’ Sentencing Memorandum, Motion for Departure, and Request for Expedited Sentencing (Mar. 24, 2017) Plea and sentencing hearing transcript (May 24, 2017) United States’ Supplemental Sentencing Memorandum (Oct. 18, 2017) Sentencing Memorandum (Oct. 18, 2017) (by Matsuo--filed under seal) Change of plea hearing (Oct. 25, 2017) (accepting Matsuo’s plea of guilty to a violation of Section 1 as set forth in the February 7, 2017, plea agreement under consideration at the May 24 hearing but deferring on whether to accept the parties’ plea agreement or to impose a sentence)--transcript available after January 29, 2018 Order re Speedy Trial Act, 18 U.S.C. § 3161 (Oct. 27, 2017) Letter Brief to Judge Donato from Bonnie Lau, Dentons. counsel for Matsuo Electric Company Limited, re Speedy Trial Act (Nov. 6, 2017) Letter Brief to Judge Donato from DOJ re Speedy Trial Act (Nov. 13, 2017) |
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Capacitors: Rubycon |
Information, United States v. Rubycon Corp., No. 4:16-cr-00367-JD-1 (N.D. Cal. filed Aug. 22, 2016) Docket sheet (downloaded Dec. 8, 2017) United States’ Sentencing Memorandum, Motion for Departure, and Request for Expedited Sentencing (Sept. 7, 2016) United States’ Supplemental Sentencing Memorandum (Dec. 21, 2016) Judgment in a Criminal Case (Feb. 3, 2017) Amended Judgment in a Criminal Case (Mar. 3, 2017) |
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Auto parts: Tokai Kogyo Co. |
Indictment, United States v. Tokai Kogyo Co., No. 1:16-cr-00063-TSB (S.D. Ohio filed June 15, 2016) (DOJ press release) Docket sheet (downloaded Dec. 10, 2017) Defendants’ Joint Motion for an Enright Proffer by the Government on or before August 31, 2017 (July 28, 2017) Joint Notice Regarding Defendants’ Motion for Enright Proffer (Aug. 8, 2017) United States’ Trial Brief (Oct. 16, 2017) Defendants’ Response to Government’s Trial Brief (Oct. 23, 2017) Defendants’ Joint Trial Brief (Oct. 16, 2017) United States’ Response to Defendants’ Joint Trial Brief (Oct. 23, 2017) Final Pretrial Order (Oct. 31, 2017) Defendants’ Motion for Judgment of Acquittal (Nov. 20, 2017) United States’ Opposition to Defendants’ Motion for Judgment of Acquittal (Nov. 21, 2017) Defendants’ Reply in Support of Motion for Judgment of Acquittal (Nov. 22, 2017) Jury instructions (Nov. 28, 2017) Jury verdict transcript (Nov. 29, 2017) |
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Packaged seafood: Bumble Bee Foods
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N.D. Cal. Information, United States v. Cameron, No. 3:16-cr-00501-EMC (N.D. Cal. Dec. 7, 2016) (DOJ news release) (Bumble Bee SVP Sales) Plea Agreement (Jan. 25, 2017) Information, United States v. Worsham, No 3:16-cr-00535-CRB (N.D. Cal. Dec. 21, 2016) (DOJ news release) (Bumble Bee SVP Trade Marketing) Plea Agreement (Mar. 15, 2017) Information, United States v. Bumble Bee Foods, LLC, No. 3:17-cr-00249-CRB (N.D. Cal. May 8, 2017) (DOJ news release) Amended Plea Agreement (Aug. 2, 2017) Information, United States v. Hodge, No. 3:17-cr-00297-SI (N.D. Cal. May 30, 2017) (StarKist SVP Sales) Plea Agreement (June 28, 2017) Indictment, United States v. Lischewski, No. 3:18-cr-00203-RS (N.D. Cal. May 16, 2018) (DOJ news release) (Bumble Bee CEO) Five-week trial
Ninth Circuit
Supreme Court Lischewski v. United States, No. 21-0852 (U.S. docketed Dec. 8, 2021) Docket sheet (downloaded May 28, 2022) Petition for Writ of Certiorari (Dec. 6, 2021) (Appendix) Question presented: Whether the operation of the per se rule in criminal antitrust cases violates the constitutional principle that every element of an offense must be submitted to a jury and proven beyond a reasonable doubt? Brief of Amici Curiae Due Process Institute and te Cato Institute in Support of Petitioner (Jan. 28, 2022) See ± Robert Connolly, The End is Near For the Per Se Rule in Criminal Sherman Act Cases (March 20, 2019). ± Roxann E. Henry, Per Se Antitrust Presumptions in Criminal Cases, 2021 Colum. Bus. L. Rev. 114 (2021) ± James J. Brosnahan & William J. Dowling III, The Constitutionality of the Per Se Rule in Criminal Antitrust Prosecutions, 16 Santa Clara L. Rev. 55 (1975) Waiver of Right to Respond (Dec. 17, 2021) (waiving government's right to file a response to the petition in this case unless requested to do so by the Court) Response Requested (Dec. 29, 2021) Brief for the United States in Opposition (Mar. 30, 2022) Reply Brief for Petitioner (Apr. 11, 2022) Petition denied (May 2, 2022)
Academic studies ± Nathan H. Miller, Marc Remer & Matthew C. Weinberg, The Canned Tuna Cartel (Jan. 5, 2020) ± Timothy Cornell & John Friel, Tuna Tales: The Antitrust Tsunami, in II Douglas H. Ginsburg: An Antitrust Professor on the Bench 179 (2018) Changes in consumer preferences ± Mike Pomranz, Tuna Fish Is Struggling Because ‘Millennials Don’t Even Own Can Openers’, Food and Wine.com (Dec. 4, 2018)
Commentary ± Sean Murphy, Thai Union Buys Bumble Bee for USD 1.5b, SeafoodSource.com (Dec. 18, 2014) ± Sean Murphy, TUF Suspends Tuna Company Buyout Financing, SeafoodSource.com (July 23, 2015) ± Sean Murphy, Wholesalers Accuse Major U.S. Tuna Providers of Price Fixing, SeafoodSource.com (Aug. 6, 2015) ± Madelyn Kearns, Thai Union Nixes Bumble Bee Deal, Retains Chicken of the Sea, SeafoodSource.com (Dec. 4, 2015) Press Release, U.S. Dep't of Justice, Antitrust Div., Chicken of the Sea and Bumble Bee Abandon Tuna Merger after Justice Department Expresses Serious Concerns (Dec. 3, 2015) U.S. Dep't of Justice, Antitrust Div., Civil Investigations Uncover Evidence of Criminal Conduct (Spring 2017) ± Baker & Hostetler LLP, When Routine Merger Review Opened More than a Can of Tuna (Feb. 4, 2020) ± Madelyn Kearns, Albertsons and Kroger Follow Suit, Allege Tuna Price-Fixing, SeafoodSource.com (Jan. 13, 2016) ± Cliff White, Walmart Sues Big Three Tuna Companies, Alleging Price Fixing, SeafoodSource.com (Nov. 1, 2016) ± Cliff White, The Most Important Details of the Walmart Suit against the “Big Three” Tuna Companies, SeafoodSource.com (Nov. 2, 2016) ± Cliff White, Bumble Bee Exec Pleads Guilty to Fixing Prices of Canned Tuna, SeafoodSource.com (Dec. 7, 2016) ± Cliff White, Second Bumble Bee Exec Guilty in Price-Fixing Conspiracy, SeafoodSource.com (Dec. 21, 2016) ± Cliff White, Plea Agreement Indicates Bumble Bee Exec Walter Scott Cameron Will Get Reduced Jail Time, SeafoodSource.com (Feb. 2, 2017) ± Madelyn Kearns, Bumble Bee Agrees to Plead Guilty and Pay Millions for Price Fixing, SeafoodSource.com (May 9, 2017) ± Cliff White, Tuna Price-Fixing Lawsuit Allegations Expand, SeafoodSource.com (May 16, 2017) ± Cliff White, StarKist’s Stephen Hodge Charged in Ongoing Tuna Price-Fixing Scandal, SeafoodSource.com (June 5, 2017) ± Cliff White, Starkist Exec Stephen Hodge Pleads Guilty in Widening Tuna Price-Fixing Scandal, SeafoodSource.com (June 29, 2017) ± Cliff White, DOJ Grants Reduced Fine Bumble Bee to Protect It from Insolvency, SeafoodSource.com (July 25, 2017) ± Cliff White, Thai Union's Chicken of the Sea Blew the Whistle on Tuna Price Fixing, Bumble Bee and StarKist Replace Legal Teams, SeafoodSource.com (Sept. 11, 2017) Memorandum from Thai Union Group Public Company Limited to The Stock Exchange of Thailand (Sept. 11, 2017) (disclosing that TUF subsidiary Chicken of the Sea, has received a subpoena from the U.S. Department of Justice and that Tri-Union received conditional leniency with respect to the Investigation under the DOJ’s Corporate Leniency Program) ± Christine Blank, Sysco, US Foods Sue “Big Three” Tuna Makers over Price Fixing, SeafoodSource.com (Jan. 24, 2018) ± Steve Bittenbender, Bumble Bee CEO Indicted on Federal Price-Fixing Charges, SeafoodSource.com (May 17, 2018) ± Madelyn Kearns, Walmart Resolves Anti-Trust Lawsuit against Chicken of the Sea, SeafoodSource.com (May 23, 2018) ± Cliff White, StarKist Pleads Guilty to Role in Canned Tuna Price-Fixing. SeafoodSource.com (Oct. 19, 2018) ± Cliff White, Chicken of the Sea Announces Price-Fixing Settlement with 29 More Retailers, Criticizes Holdouts, SeafoodSource.com (Jan. 10, 2019) ± Cliff White, StarKist Facing “Life or Death” Hearing in Price-fixing Case, SeafoodSource.com (Apr. 12, 2019) ± Cliff White, Key Witnesses Identified in Price-Fixing Case against Former Bumble Bee CEO Chris Lischewski, SeafoodSource.com (Apr. 18, 2019) ± Cliff White, Ken Worsham, Scott Cameron Avoid Jail Time, Concluding Tuna Price-Fixing Case Sentencings, SeafoodSource.com (Apr. 28, 2019) ± Cliff White, Judge Demands StarKist Explore Sale of TechPack to Pay Price-Fixing Fine, SeafoodSource.com (June 17, 2019) ± Cliff White, Bumble Bee Loan Default Forces Restructuring; Lischewski Continues to Fight Price-Fixing Charges, SeafoodSource.com (July 29, 2019) ± Cliff White, Judge in Tuna-Fixing Class-Action Suit Creates Four Tracks for Plaintiffs, SeafoodSource.com (Aug. 5, 2019) ± Chris Chase, StarKist Ordered To Pay USD 100 Million Fine for Role in Tuna Price-Fixing, SeafoodSource.com (Sept. 12, 2019) ± Cliff White, Bumble Bee To File for Bankruptcy this Week, Wall Street Journal Reports, SeafoodSource.com (Nov. 18, 2019) ± Alexander Gladstone, Canned Tuna Maker Bumble Bee Preps for Bankruptcy Filing, Wall St. J. __ (Nov. 15, 2019) ± Cliff White, Chris Lischewski Trial Enters Second Week as Key Witnesses Testify, SeafoodSource.com (Nov. 19, 2019) ± Cliff White, FCF Swoops in for Bumble Bee as It Files for Bankruptcy, SeafoodSource.com (Nov. 22, 2019) ± Mike Pomranz, Bumble Bee Tuna Files for Bankruptcy Following Price-Fixing Scandal, Food and Wine.com (Nov. 25, 2019) ± Cliff White, Chicken of the Sea Issues Statement on Its Financial Health, SeafoodSource.com (Nov. 26, 2019) ± Cliff White, Inside Bumble Bee’s Long Summer of Selling Itself, SeafoodSource.com (Nov. 27, 2019) ± Cliff White, Bumble Bee’s Chris Lischewski Convicted of Fixing Prices of Canned Tuna, SeafoodSource.com (Dec. 4, 2019) ± Cliff White, Proposed Settlement from Chicken of the Sea in Class-Action Suit Rejected by Judge, SeafoodSource.com (Jan. 27, 2020) ± Cliff White, Chris Lischewski Hopes to Avoid Prison, While Prosecutors Push for 10-Year Sentence, SeafoodSource.com (May 15, 2020) ± Cliff White, Washington State Sues Starkist over Price-Fixing, SeafoodSource.com (June 3, 2020) Complaint for Restitution, Injunction, and Other Relief under the Washington State Consumer Protection Act, RCW 19.86, Washington v. StarKist Co., No. 20-2-09491-9 SEA (Sup. Ct. King Cty. filed ___, 2020) ± Cliff White, Found Guilty of Price-Fixing, Chris Lischewski Braces for Upcoming Sentencing, SeafoodSource.com (June 4, 2020) ± Cliff White, Chris Lischewski Sentenced to 40 Months in Prison, USD 100,000 Fine, SeafoodSource.com (June 16, 2020) ± Cliff White, “Big Three” Tuna Companies Lose Appeal that Would Have Halted Price-Fixing Class-Action Suit, SeafoodSource.com (June 17, 2020) ± Cliff White, Exclusive: Chris Lischewski Offers a Warning to Seafood CEOs, SeafoodSource.com (July 1, 2020) ± Cliff White, Chris Lishewski Reports to Prison; Sentencing Dates Set for Cameron, Hodge, Worsham, SeafoodSource.com (Aug. 20, 2020) ± Cliff White, Lischewski Settles Case with Washington, Pushes for Reduced Prison Sentence, SeafoodSource.com (Oct. 30, 2020) ± Cliff White, Kroger, Hy-Vee, Albertson’s, H.E. Butt Settle Price-Fixing Suit against Chicken of the Sea, SeafoodSource.com (Dec. 16, 2020) ± Cliff White, Thai Union, COSI Settle Remaining Lawsuits Related to Price-Fixing Conspiracy, SeafoodSource.com (Jan. 12, 2021) ± Cliff White, “I Just Did the Job” – StarKist’s Stephen Hodge Explains Role in Price-Fixing Scheme, SeafoodSource.com (Jan. 22, 2021) ± Cliff White, Chris Lischewski’s Appeal Denied as Judicial Panel Cites “Overwhelming” Evidence, SeafoodSource.com (July 7, 2021)
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Aubrey K. McClendon |
Indictment, United States v. Aubrey McClendon, No. ____ (W.D. Okla. returned ____). Commentary ± Heide Brandes, Energy pioneer McClendon dies in fiery car crash, a day after indictment, Reuters.com, Mar. 3, 2016 |
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FX rate: United States v. Citicorp |
Information, United States v. Citicorp, No. 3:15-cr-00078-SRU (D. Conn. filed June 20, 2015) Docket sheet (downloaded Jan. 10, 2016) Plea Agreement (June 20, 2015) Transcript (May 20, 2015) (waivers and pleas) |
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Foreclosure auctions: Giraudo |
Indictment, United States v. Giraudo, 3:14-cr-00534-WHO (N.D. Cal. filed Oct. 22, 2014) Docket sheet (downloaded Aug. 29, 2018) Related Case Order (Nov. 4, 2014) Minute Order (Nov. 10, 2014) (arraignment—Plea: Not guilty) Order for Pretrial Preparation for Criminal Jury Trial (Aug. 8, 2017) Exhibit 1: Jury Questionnaire Criminal Minutes (Sept. 19, 2017) (changing plea to guilty) Hearing Transcript (to be released May 29, 2018) United States Sentencing Memorandum (Apr. 19, 2018) Defendant Joseph Giraudo’s Sentencing Memorandum (Apr. 19, 2018) Defendant Joseph Giraudo’s Response to Government’s Sentencing Memorandum (Apr. 23, 2018) Sentencing Hearing Transcript (Apr. 26, 2018) Order Directing Government Response (Apr. 27, 2018) United States’ Response to Defendant Joseph Giraudo’s Sentencing Memorandum (May 3, 2018) Defendant Joseph Giraudo’s Reply to United States’ Sentencing Response (May 7, 2018) Sentencing hearing transcript (May 7, 2018) Sentencing hearing transcript (May 8, 2018) (morning) Sentencing hearing transcript (May 8, 2018) (afternoon) Order Setting Sentencing Guidelines Offense Level for Defendants Giraudo and Cullinane (May 14, 2018) (reported at 2018 WL 2197703) Judgment in a Criminal Case (May 15, 2018) (15 months imprisonment, three years supervised release, $2 million fine. 1200 hours community service, restitution TBD)) Defendant Joseph Giraudo’s Rule 35(a) Motion to Correct Sentence (May 16, 2018) Order Denying Motion to Correct Sentence (May 17, 2018) Payment record card (May 24, 2018) Stipulation and [Proposed] Order Regarding Judgment of Restitution (May 30, 2018) (so ordered May 31, 2018) Exhibit A: Schedule Judgment in a Criminal Case (June 4, 2018) (amended to include restitution) |
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Foreclosure auctions: Marr |
Indictment, United States v. Marr, No. 4:14-cr-00580-JD (N.D. Cal. filed Nov. 19, 2014) Final Jury Instructions, United States v. Marr, No. 4:14-cr-00580-PJH (N.D. Cal. June 1, 2017) Jury Verdict (June 2, 2017) United States’ Sentencing Memorandum for Defendant Michael Marr (Oct. 11, 2017) Defendant Michael Marr’s Sentencing Memorandum (Oct. 11, 2017)
United States’ Sentencing Memorandum for Defendant Javier Sanchez (Nov. 1, 2017) Sentencing Memorandum (Nov. 1, 2017) (on behalf of Sanchez)
United States’ Sentencing Memorandum for Defendant Gregory Casorso (Nov. 8, 2017) Defendant Greg Casorso’s Sentencing Memorandum; Request for Evidentiary Hearing (Nov. 8, 2017) Defendant Greg Casorso’s Response to Government’s Sentencing Memorandum; Request for Evidentiary Hearing (Nov. 12, 2017) Government’s Supplemental Submission Regarding Volume of Commerce (Nov. 15, 2017)
Judgment in a Criminal Case (Dec. 7, 2017) (Javier Sanchez)
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TFT-LCD cartel: |
Superseding Indictment, United States v. AU Optronics Corp., No. 3:09-CR-00110 (N.D. Cal. filed June 10, 2010) Docket sheet (downloaded Jan. 12, 2016) Related Case Order (Feb. 19, 2009) Order Denying Defendants’ Motion to Dismiss the Indictment (____) Order Denying Defendants’ Motion to Suppress (____) Order Excluding Time under the Speedy Trial Act (July 15, 2010) Order Denying Defendants’ Motions to Dismiss the Indictment and for a Bill of Particular (Jan. 29, 2011) Order Denying Defendants’ Motion To Suppress (May 24, 2011) United States’ Notice of Motion and Motion for Order Regarding Fact Finding for Sentencing under 18 U.S.C. § 3571(d) (June 24, 2011) United States’ Reply in Support of Motion for Order Regarding Fact Finding for Sentencing under 18 U.S.C. § 3571(d) (July 11, 2011) Order Denying United States’ Motion for Order Regarding Fact Finding for Sentencing under 18 U.S.C. § 3571(d) (July 18, 2011) (requiring government to prove to a jury beyond a reasonable doubt any fact that would enable the court to assess a fine in excess of the maximum provided in the Sherman Act) United States’ Trial Memorandum (Dec. 9, 2011) Jury Instructions (Mar. 1, 2012) Defendants’ Proposed Preliminary Jury Instructions on the Elements of the Offense, and Memorandum in Support of Proposed Instruction (Nov. 2, 2011) Defendants’ Reply Memorandum in Support of Proposed Jury Instructions (Dec. 6, 2011) United States’ Proposed Jury Instruction Regarding 18 U.S.C. § 3571(d); Memorandum of Points and Authorities in Support of Proposed Instructions (Nov. 10, 2011) United States’ Reply Memorandum In Further Support Of Proposed Jury Instruction Regarding 18 U.S.C. § 3571(d) (Dec. 5, 2011) United States’ Proposed Jury Instructions (Dec. 9, 2011) Defendants’ Proposed Jury Instructions (Dec. 9, 2011) Order Re: Preliminary Jury Instructions (Dec. 23, 2011)
Defendants’ Partial Opposition to Government’s Preliminary Instructions (Jan. 8, 2012) (exhibit) Defendant Hsiung’s Proposed Preliminary Instruction on Economic Gain (Jan. 9, 2012) Defendants’ Proposed Instruction re: Exchange of Price Information (Jan. 11, 2012) (Exhibit A) United States’ Opposition to Defendants’ Proposed Instruction re: Exchange of Price Information (Jan. 12, 2012) Defendants’ Proposed Instruction re: Exchange of Price Information (Jan. 17, 2012) United States’ Opposition to Defendants’ Renewed Request for Proposed Instruction re: Exchange Of Price Information (Jan. 18, 2012) Defendants’ Proposed Instruction re: Consideration of Guilty Pleas (Jan. 11, 2012) United States’ Opposition to Defendants’ Proposed Instructions re: Consideration of Guilty Plea (Jan. 12, 2012) Defendant H.B. Chen’s Request for Limiting Instruction re: Coconspirators (Jan. 19, 2012) United States’ Proposed Instruction on Ignorance of Law (Jan. 25, 2012) Defendants’ Opposition to Government’s Proposed Instruction on Ignorance of Law (Jan. 30, 2012)
United States’ Statement Regarding Jury Questionnaire (Nov. 25, 2011) Supplemental Statement of Defendants AU Optronics Corporation and AU Optronics Corporation America re: Revised Juror Questionnaire (Nov. 27, 2011)
AUO Defendants' Motion in Limine to Exclude Overcharge Testimony of Proposed Expert Keith Leffler, Ph.D. (Feb. 7, 2012) Declaration of Joseph Kadane, Ph.D., in Support of AUO Defendants’ Motion in Limine to Exclude Overcharge Testimony of Proposed Expert Keith Leffler, Ph.D. (Feb. 7, 2012) (Exhibit A) (Exhibit B) (Proposed) Order Granting AUO Defendants’ Motion In Limine To Exclude Overcharge Testimony Of Proposed Expert Keith Leffler, Ph.D. (Feb. 7, 2012) Defendant Hsuan Bin Chen’s [Proposed] Instruction on Testimony of Keith Leffler (Feb. 10, 2012)
Defendant AU Optronics Corporation America’s Motion for Judgment of Acquittal (Fed. R. Crim. Proc. 29(a) (Feb. 16, 2012) United States’ Opposition to Defendant AU Optronics Corporation America’s Motion for Judgment of Acquittal (Fed. R. Crim. Proc. 29(a)) (Feb. 20, 2012)
United States’ Motion to Preclude Certain Jury Nullification Arguments at Closing (Feb. 22, 2012) (Exhibit A) (Exhibit B)
Stipulated and Party-Proposed Jury Instructions (Feb. 24, 2012) ( Dkt. No. 807) Jury Instructions Draft - As of 2/24/1 (Feb. 24, 2012) United States’ Memorandum Regarding Final Jury Instructions (Feb. 26, 2012) AUO Defendants’ Response to United States’ Memorandum re: Final Jury Instructions (Feb. 26, 2012) Jury Instructions (Feb. 27, 2012)
Special Verdict (Mar. 13, 2012) (finding Hui Hsiung guilty on Count 1, Hsuan Bin Chen guilty on Count 1, AU Optronics Corporation guilty on Count 1, and AU Optronics Corporation America guilty on Count 1; Tsannrong Lee not guilty on Count 1 and Lai-Juh Chen not guilty on Count 1) (mistrial for lack of jury unanimity on Shiu Lung Leung) Trial transcript (Mar. 13, 2012) (return of jury verdict) U.S. Dep't of Justice, Antitrust Div., Taiwan-Based AU Optronics Corporation, its Houston-Based Subsidiary and Former Top Executives Convicted for Role in LCD Price-Fixing Conspiracy (Mar. 13, 2012). Clerk's trial worksheet (filed Mar. 13, 2012) Judgment of Acquittal (Mar. 13, 2012) (as to Dr. L.J. Chen) Motion for Leave to File Post-Trial Motions (Apr. 20, 2012) (on behalf of AUO, AUOA, H. B. Chen, Hui Hsiung, and Stephen Leung) Defendants’ Joint Memorandum in Support of Motion for Judgment of Acquittal, or in the Alternative, for New Trial (Apr. 20, 2012) Defendant Hui Hsiung’s: 1. Motions for a Judgment of Acquittal and for a New Trial 2. Notice of Motions 3. Memorandum of Points and Authorities (Apr. 24, 2012) Defendants’ Joint Reply in Support of Motion for Judgment of Acquittal or, in the Alternative, for New Trial (May 11, 2012) Reply Brief in Support of Defendant Hui Hsiung’s Motions for a Judgment of Acquittal and for a New Trial (May 20, 2012) Corrected Order Denying Motions for Judgment of Acquittal and for a New Trial (June 11, 2012) Motion of Defendants AU Optronics Corporation and AU Optronics Corporation America to Specially Set Sentencing Hearings (Aug. 31, 2012) Reply of Defendants AU Optronics Corporation and AU Optronics Corporation America in Support of Motion to Specially Set Sentencing Hearings (Sept. 4, 2012) Order Setting Revised Sentencing Date (Sept. 4, 2012) United States’ Sentencing Memorandum (Sept. 11, 2012) Declaration of Dr. Keith Leffler Regarding AUO’S U.S. Volume of Commerce for Sentencing Hearing (Sept. 11, 2012) (Exhibits A, B,C and D) Declaration of Heather S. Tewksbury in Support of United States’ Sentencing Memorandum (Sept. 11, 2012)
Defendant AUO’S Sentencing Memorandum, Part One: Scope and Application of 18 U.S.C. Section 3571 (Sept. 11, 2012) Defendant AUO’S Sentencing Memorandum, Part Three: Application of 18 U.S.C. Sections 3553 and 3572 (Sept. 11, 2012) United States’ Reply to Defendants’ Sentencing Memoranda (Sept. 17, 2012) Defendant AUO's Response to Government’s Sentencing Memorandum: Application of 18 U.S.C. Sections 3553 and 3572 (Sept. 17, 2012)
Defendant Hui Hsiung’s Sentencing Memorandum (Sept. 11, 2012) Defendant Hui Hsiung’s Reply Sentencing Memorandum (Sept. 17, 2012) Defendant Hsuan Bin Chen’s Sentencing Memorandum and Motion for Departure (Sept. 11, 2012) Defendant Hsuan Bin Chen’s Opposition to United States’ Sentencing Memorandum (Sept. 17, 2012) United States’ Reply to Defendants’ Sentencing Memoranda (Sept. 19, 2012) Transcript of Proceeding (Sept. 20, 2012)
Judgment in a Criminal Case (Oct. 2, 2012) ( AU Corporation) Notice of Appeal (Oct. 4, 2012) (America AU Optronics) Order Stating Reasons for Denying Defendants’ Motions for Bail Pending Appeal (Dec. 21, 2012) Appeal United States v. Hui Hsiung, No. 12-10492 (9th Cir. docketed Oct. 2, 2012) Docket sheet (No. 10492 consolidated lead case) (downloaded Feb. 20, 2016) Order (Dec. 21, 2012) (consolidating cases and setting briefing schedule) Opening Brief for Defendants-Appellants AU Optronics Corporation and AU Optronics Corporation America (Feb. 4, 2013) Brief for Defendants-Appellants Hui Hsiung and Hsuan Bin Chen (Feb. 4, 2013) Brief for Defendants-Appellants Hui Hsiung and Hsuan Bin Chen (Feb. 4, 2013) (Nos. 12-10492 & 12-10493) Brief for the United States (Apr. 5, 2013) (Nos. 12-10492, 12-10493, 12-10500, 12-10514) Reply Brief for Defendants-Appellants AU Optronics Corporation and AU Optronics Corporation America (May 13, 2013) Reply Brief for Defendants-Appellants Hui Hsiung and Hsuan Bin Chen (May 13, 2013) Argued (Oct. 18, 2013) Opinion (July 10, 2014) (reported at 758 F.3d 1074)
Defendants-Appellants’ AU Optronics Corporation and AU Optronics Corporation America Petition for Panel Rehearing (Aug. 25, 2014) Brief of Corning Incorporated and Applied Materials, Inc. as Amici Curiae in Support of Defendants-Appellants’ Petitions for Rehearing En Banc (Sept. 4, 2014) Hsuan Bin Chen’s and Hui Hsiung’s Petition for Panel Rehearing and Rehearing En Banc (Aug. 25, 2014) Response to the Petitions for Rehearing and Rehearing En Banc (Oct. 10, 2014) Order and Amended Opinion (Jan. 30, 2015) (reported at 778 F.3d 738) Mandate (Feb. 11, 2015) Supreme Court Petition for a Writ of Certiorari, Hsiung v. United States, No. 14-1121 (U.S. filed Mar. 16, 2015) Docket sheet (downloaded Feb. 20, 2016) Brief for the United States in Opposition (May 15, 2015) Reply Brief for Petitioners (May 22, 2015) Petition denied (June 15, 2015)
Retrial and appeal of Shiu Lung (“Steven”) Leung United States v. Shiu Lung Leung, No. 3:09-cr-00110-SI-6 (N.D. Cal. filed June 10, 2010) Docket sheet (downloaded Feb. 14, 2014) Order for Pretrial Preparation (June 4, 2012) United States’ Trial Memorandum (Oct. 26, 2012) United States’ Proposed Jury Instructions (Oct. 26, 2012) United States’ Proposed Preliminary Jury Instructions (Nov. 5, 2012) (to be given before opening statements) Neutral Statement of the Case for Voir Dire (Nov. 6, 2012) Final Pretrial Scheduling Order (Nov. 14, 2012) Draft Jury Instructions (Dec. 12, 2012) (prepared by court staff) Verdict (Dec. 19, 2012) Defendant’s Memorandum in Support of Motion for Judgment of Acquittal, or in the Alternative, for New Trial (Apr. 16, 2013) United States’ Opposition to Defendant’s Motion for Judgment of Acquittal, or in the Alternative, for New Trial (Apr. 22, 2013) Defendant’s Reply to Government’s Opposition to Motion for Acquittal and/or New Trial (Apr. 24, 2013) United States’ Sentencing Memorandum (Apr. 19, 2013) Defendant Steven Leung’s Sentencing Memorandum and Motion for Departure (Apr. 21, 2013) United States’ Reply to Defendant’s Sentencing Memorandum (Apr. 25, 2013) Criminal Minutes (Apr. 30, 2013) (denying motion for acquittal or new trial; sentencing defendant to 24 months custody, three years supervised release, and a $50,000 fine) Judgment in a Criminal Case (Apr. 30, 2013) Order Denying Motion for Judgment of Acquittal and for a New Trial (May 2, 2013) Defendant Steven Leung's Notice of Appeal to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit (May 2, 2013) Defendant’s Notice of Motion for Release on Bail Pending Appeal (Aug. 16, 2013) Memorandum in Support of Defendant’s Motion for Release on Bail Pending Appeal (Aug. 16, 2013) United States’ Opposition to Motion for Release on Bail Pending Appeal (Aug. 23, 2013) Reply in Support of Defendant’s Motion for Release on Bail Pending Appeal (Aug. 27, 2013) Transcript (Aug. 30, 2013) Letter from Dennis P. Riordan Re: Surrender Date as to Shiu Lung Leung (Sept. 6, 2013) Order Clarifying Steven Leung’s Bail Conditions (Jan. 13, 2014)
United States v. Leung, No. 13-10242 (9th Cir. docketed May 7, 2013) Docket sheet (downloaded Feb. 13, 2014) Defendant’s Motion for Release on Bail Pending Appeal (Sept. 6, 2013) Opposition of the United States of America to Defendant’s Motion for Release on Bail Pending Appeal (Sept. 13, 2013) Reply in Support of Defendant’s Motion for Release on Bail Pending Appeal (Sept 20, 2013) Order (Oct. 23, 2013) (granting motion for bail pending appeal) Appellant’s Opening Brief (Dec. 9, 2013) Brief for the United States of America (Feb. 12, 2014)
Commentary ± Rachel j. Adcox, Getting Your Best Outcome Post-AU Optronics: Pay No Attention to that Case Behind the Curtain, Antitrust, Vol. 26, No.3, Summer 2012, at 78. |
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Refrigerant Compressors |
Information, United States v. Panasonic Corp., No. 2:10-cr-20576 (E.D. Mich. filed Sept. 30, 2010) Docket sheet (No. 2:10-cr-20576) (downloaded Nov. 29, 2015) Plea Agreement, United States v. Panasonic Corp., No. 2:10-cr-20576 (E.D. Mich. filed Sept. 30, 2010) Docket sheet (No. 2:10-cr-20577) (downloaded Nov. 29, 2015) Plea Agreement, United States v. Embraco North Am., Inc., No. 2:10-cr-20577 (E.D. Mich. filed Sept. 30, 2010) U.S. Dep't of Justice, Antitrust Div., Press Release, Panasonic Corp. and Whirlpool Corp. Subsidiary Agree to Plead Guilty for Role in Price-fixing Conspiracy Involving Refrigerant Compressors (Sept. 30, 2010) Indictment, United States v. Heinzelmann, No. 2:11-cr-20605 (E.D. Mich. returned Sept. 27, 2011) Docket sheet (No. 2:11-cr-20605) (downloaded Nov. 29, 2015) U.S. Dep't of Justice, Antitrust Div., Press Release, Former Executives from Panasonic Corp., Whirlpool Corp. Subsidiary and Tecumseh Products Co. Subsidiary Indicted in Compressor Price-Fixing Conspiracy (Sept. 27, 2011) Information, United States v. Danfoss Flensburg GmbH, No. 2:11-cr-20622 (E.D. Mich. filed Oct. 4, 2011) Docket sheet (No. 2:11-cr-20622) (downloaded Nov. 29, 2015) Plea Agreement, United States v. Danfoss Flensburg GmbH, No. 2:11-cr-20622 (E.D. Mich. filed Oct. 4, 2011) U.S. Dep't of Justice, Antitrust Div., Press Release, Danfoss Group Subsidiary Agrees to Plead Guilty for Role in Price-Fixing Conspiracy Involving Refrigerant Compressors (Oct. 4, 2011)
Follow-on private actions Complaint, General Electric Corp. v. Whirlpool Corp., No. 3-13-cv-213-H (W.D. Ky. filed Feb. 15, 2013) Docket sheet (No. 3-13-cv-213-H) (downloaded Nov. 29, 2015) Order Granting Unopposed Motion to Transfer, In re Refrigerant Compressors Antitrust Litig., MDL No. 2042 (J.P.M.L. June 14, 2013) Docket sheet (E.D. Mich. No. 2:09-md-02042) (downloaded Nov. 29, 2015) Motion by Defendants Danfoss Flensburg GMBH and Danfoss LLC to Dismiss the Complaint, In re Refrigerant Compressors Antitrust Litig.,No. 2:09-md-02042, (E.D. Mich. Feb. 28, 2014) Opposition to Motion by Defendants Danfoss Flensburg GMBH and Danfloss LLC to Dismiss the Complaint (Apr. 8, 2014) Response to General Electric Company’s Surreply by Defendants Danfoss Flensburg GMBH and Danfoss LLC (Sept. 6, 2014) Opinion & Order (Mar. 13, 2015) (reported at 92 F .Supp. 3d 652) |
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Iowa Ready-Mixed concrete cartel: United States v. Stewart |
Information, United States v. Stewart, No. CR-10-4028 (N.D. Iowa filed May 6, 2010) Docket sheet (downloaded Mar. 10, 2012) Plea agreement (May 25, 2010) Report and Recommendation Concerning Plea of Guilty (May 25, 2010) (magistrate judge's report) Defendant Kent Stewart's Objections Presentence Investigation Report (Nov. 7, 2010) Motion of Defendant Kent Robert Stewart for the Court to Depart or Vary Downward from the Advisory United Stated Sentencing Guidelines Range (Nov. 11, 2010) Consolidated Sentencing Memorandum and Response to Defendant Kent Robert Stewart’s “Motion For Departure” (Nov. 24, 2010) Defendant Kent Stewart's Response to Government's Sentencing Memorandum and Brief and Defendant's Motion for Downward Departure (Dec. 1, 2010) Memorandum Opinion and Order Regarding Sentencing (Feb. 8, 2011) Judgment in a Criminal Case (Feb. 10, 2011) Amended Judgment in a Criminal Case (Feb. 16, 2011) (amending judgment to provide for restitution to Tri-Zack Contractor. See Opinion 104-05). |
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DRAM cartel: |
Indictment, United States v. Swanson, No. CR-06-00692 PJH (N.D. Cal. filed Oct. 18, 2006) Gary Swanson was the "last man standing" after all other companies and individuals indicted in the DRAM investigation pleaded guilty. After seven days of deliberation, on March 6, 2008, Swanson's trial ended in a hung jury, with 10 of the jurors in favor of acquittal. Juror interviews indicated that none of them had found the DOJ's key witness, Micron's Michael Sadler, to be credible. Two weeks later, the DOJ announced that it would not retry the case. According to Swanson's attorney, the government made a final pretrial offer to Swanson of 15 months incarceration. The arbs followed the case very closely, and the notes on the trial make interesting reading. See ± Investor Village. Docket sheet (downloaded Jan. 30, 2010) Final Pretrial Order (Nov. 16, 2007) Government's Renewed Motion to Exclude Testimony by Defendant's Experts Hausman and Krone (Dec. 4, 2007) (Exhibits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7) Second Addendum to Final Pretrial Order (Dec. 18, 2007) Objections to Government's Proposed Coconspirator Evidence (Dec. 28, 2007) (attachment) Third Addendum to Final Pretrial Order (Jan. 22, 2008) Memorandum in Support of Instruction for Multiple Conspiracies (Feb. 20, 2008) (attachment) Exhibit and witness list (Mar. 6, 2008) Commentary ± Dan Levine, Hung Jury in Chip Price-Fixing Case, The Recorder, Mar. 7, 2008 Roger G. Noll, The DRAM Antitrust Litigation (2008), in The Antitrust Revolution 246 (John E. Kwoka, Jr. & Lawrence J. White eds., 6th ed. 2014). |
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Therm-All |
United States v. Therm-All, Inc., No. 02-20843 (5th Cir. July 14, 2004) (replacement opinion following denial of rehearing en banc) (reported at 373 F.3d 625) Southern District of Texas Indictment, United States v. Robert L. Smigel, Therm-All, Inc., Tula D. Thompson, & Supreme Insulation, Inc., No. CR-H-00-362 (S.D. Tex. filed May 31, 2000) (DOJ news release) Note: The jury acquitted Smigel (Therm-All) and Thompson (Supreme), but found Therm-All and Supreme guilty. Related indictments Information, United States v. Huber Wally Rhodes, Jr., No. CR-H-96-119 (S.D. Tex. filed June 25, 1996) (Mizell Bros. Co. former National Sales Manager and Vice-President of Sales—agreed to sentence of 4 months incarceration in plea agreement) Original Fifth Circuit opinion Docket sheet (downloaded Jan. 22, 2012) Brief for Appellant Therm-All, Inc. (Apr. 4, 2003) Brief for Appellant Supreme Installation, Inc. (Apr. 7, 2003) (not available on PACER) Brief for the Appellee United States of America (June 6, 2003) Reply Brief for Appellant Therm-All, Inc. (July 7, 2003) (not available on PACER) Reply Brief for Appellant Supreme Insulation, Inc. (July 8, 2003) Opinion, United States v. Therm-All, Inc., No. 02-20843 (5th Cir. Dec. 3, 2003) Replacement Fifth Circuit opinion Petition of the United States of America for Rehearing En Banc (Jan. 12, 2004) Motion for Leave to File a Reply and Reply of the US to Appellants' Responses to Petition for Rehearing En Banc (Feb. 26, 2004) Opinion, United States v. Therm-All, Inc., No. 02-20843 (5th Cir. July 14, 2004) (replacement opinion following denial of rehearing en banc) (reported at 373 F.3d 625) Judgment (June 14, 2004) Mandate issued (June 15, 2004) |
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